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Urban and infrastructure systems are essential for the sustainable development of cities worldwide because they play a fundamental role in the provision of essential services, such as transport, communication, and health care, to support the basic livelihood of residents.With the rapid growth in the world's population and urbanization, especially in China, an increasing number of large-scale projects, megaprojects, super projects, complex engineering systems,urban systems, supercities, and urban agglomerations, which have ever-increasing structural and functional scales and complexities, are seen worldwide.Consequently, the planning, engineering, and operation of cities and infrastructure are faced with various emerging management challenges that stem from the need for new theories,models, and technologies to build efficient, affordable, and resilient urban and infrastructure systems.