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实际地震由水平地震动和竖向地震动组成。由于水平地震动可能沿任何方向发生,通常把引起结构最大动力反应的水平地震动角度称为地震对该结构的最不利入射角度。确定地震动的最不利入射角度是研究双向地震作用下结构动力响应的关键问题。该文提出了一种基于弹性时程分析的地震动最不利入射角度的确定方法,并给出了该方法的图形解法。该文通过具体算例证实,当结构为线弹性时,该方法给出的是动力响应的精确解。当结构进入非线性阶段,产生塑性变形时,该文对该方法引起的误差进行了讨论,发现误差随强度折减系数(Rd)的增加而增大,在Rd小于6时,误差通常不超过10%,证明该文所提出的方法在结构发生塑性变形时依然具有很好的适用性。
The actual earthquake consists of horizontal and vertical earthquakes. Since horizontal ground motions may occur in any direction, the horizontal ground motions that cause the maximum dynamic response of the structure are usually referred to as the most unfavorable angles of incidence of the structure to the structure. Determining the most unfavorable angle of incidence of ground motions is the key issue to study the dynamic response of structures under bi-directional earthquake. In this paper, a method to determine the most unfavorable incident angle of ground motion based on elastic time-history analysis is proposed and a graphical solution to this method is given. The paper verifies by a specific example that when the structure is linear elasticity, this method gives the exact solution of the dynamic response. When the structure enters the non-linear phase and plastic deformation occurs, this paper discusses the error caused by this method and finds that the error increases with the increase of the strength reduction coefficient (Rd). When Rd is less than 6, the error usually does not exceed 10%. It proves that the proposed method still has good applicability in plastic deformation of structure.