论文部分内容阅读
研究西方经济史的学者注意到,许多基督宗教人士在16、17世纪资本主义勃然兴起的时期,曾经自觉或不自觉地放弃对个人主义道德的批评。然而基督宗教的主流派别,包括罗马天主教,始终保留着与贪婪和剥削冲突的社会经济观念。在16世纪创立耶稣会的依纳爵·罗耀拉并不排斥工商业活动,而且认为不能回避市场经济带来的制度和生活变化。他严厉批评对财富的贪婪以及由此派生的野心和傲慢。他鼓励信徒积极介入社会生活,包括从事工商业,但是要求他们接济贫弱者,注重财富的社会公益性。耶稣会人士主要关注的不仅仅有传教和文化教育,还有繁重的济贫、照看孤儿、挽救娼妓等社会福利工作。在商业社会批评贪婪永远是惹人厌烦的事情,然而这是历史上基督宗教人士经常做的。他们的言行还说明,把基督宗教简单看作是资产阶级的一种思想文化,恐怕是值得商榷的一种思路。
Scholars who study Western economic history have noticed that many Christian Christians have consciously or unconsciously abandoned their criticism of individualistic morals during the upsurge of capitalism in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, the mainstream factions of Christianity, including Roman Catholicism, always retain the socio-economic conception of conflict with greed and exploitation. Ignatius Loyola, who founded the Jesuits in the 16th century, did not exclude business activities and did not think it necessary to evade the changes in institutions and life brought by the market economy. He harshly criticized the greed of wealth and the ambitions and arrogance that resulted therefrom. He encouraged believers to actively engage in social life, including business, but asked them to help the poor and pay attention to the social welfare of wealth. The main concern of the Jesuits is not only the missionary and cultural education but also the heavy sacrifice of the poor, the care of orphans and the rescue of prostitution and other social welfare work. It is always boring to criticize greed in the commercial world, yet it is often done by religious Christians in history. Their words and deeds also show that simply viewing Christian religion as a kind of ideology and culture of the bourgeoisie may be a question worth considering.