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在汉语中,有些用附加构词法构成的词具有某种感情色彩,如“阿姨”、“老头儿”的前缀“阿”、“老”,“猫儿”、“狗儿”的后缀“儿”,可使构成的词带有一种喜爱、亲切的积极色彩。这类词缀在普通话中分布窄,一般只限于名词,能构成的带有感情色彩的词有限,且都是带有积极色彩的。 在山西北部方言中,有一个做前缀的虚语素[k?~(32)](通常写作疙”、“矻”等),分布较广,构词能力强,一般使构成的词带有一种消积色彩,是汉语构词法中的一种特殊现象。本文试就此做一简略说明。
In Chinese, some words formed by additional word formation have some kind of emotional color, such as “a”, “old”, “old”, “cat” and “dog” , Can make the words with a favorite, kind and positive color. Such affixes are narrowly distributed in Putonghua, generally limited to nouns, and can be formed with a limited amount of emotional words, all with positive colors. In the northern Shanxi dialect, there is a prefixed virtual morpheme [k ~ (32)] (usually written as “pi”, “矻”, etc.), which is widely distributed and strong in word formation. Negative product color is a special phenomenon in Chinese word-formation method.