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目的探讨超声显像检测胎儿心脏正常解剖结构数值的价值。方法选取我院产前检查的正常妊娠18-40周的胎儿550例。每2周为1组,共11组,每组50人。对所有孕妇进行常规经腹超声检查,测量胎儿的双顶径、头围、腹围、股骨径评估孕周后分组,测量并记录心脏横径、左、右心房径和左、右心室径、卵圆孔径、心胸横径比值、心胸面积比值等参数。结果不同胎龄的胎儿之间心脏解剖结构有其正常的增长规律。经剔除20例心脏发育异常胎儿,对其余530例胎儿的心脏解剖结构参数进行统计学分析,结果显示,各组胎儿的心脏横径、左心房径、右心房径、左心室径、右心室径及卵圆孔径岁孕周的增加而显著增加,孕周39-40周的胎儿上述各指标显著高于孕周18-20周胎儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。另外,胎儿期右心发育稍大于左心,即右房、右室>左房、左室。胎儿心脏横径、左右心房、左右心室径、卵圆孔径与孕周呈正相关(P<0.05);心胸横径比值、心胸面积比值与孕周无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论超声显像检查以安全无损害性、直观、检查准确率高的优点被公认为诊断胎儿畸形首选的、可信的、必不可少的一种诊断方法,对诊断胎儿畸形、指导医生适时进行宫内治疗和终止妊娠起着十分重要的筛查作用。
Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonic imaging in detecting the normal anatomic structure of fetal heart. Methods Prenatal examination in our hospital normal pregnancy 18-40 weeks of fetus 550 cases. Every 2 weeks for a group, a total of 11 groups of 50 people each. All pregnant women underwent routine abdominal ultrasonography to measure the fetus’s biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femoral diameter. The gestational weeks were divided into groups to measure and record the heart diameter, left and right atrial diameter, left and right ventricular diameter, Foramen ovale, thoracic and transverse diameter ratio, ratio of heart and chest area parameters. Results The heart anatomical structure of fetuses with different gestational ages had its normal growth pattern. After removal of 20 cases of abnormal fetal cardiac development, cardiac anatomical parameters of the remaining 530 fetuses were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the fetal heart diameter, left atrium diameter, right atrium diameter, left ventricular diameter, right ventricular diameter (P <0.05). The above indexes in fetus with 39-40 weeks gestation were significantly higher than those of gestation with 18-20 weeks gestational age, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In addition, fetal development of right heart slightly larger than the left heart, right atrium, right ventricle> left atrium, left ventricle. Fetal heart diameter, left and right atrium, left and right ventricular diameter, and oval diameter were positively correlated with gestational age (P <0.05). There was no significant correlation between the ratio of thoracic diameter and the ratio of chest to chest area to gestational age (P> 0.05). Conclusion The advantage of ultrasound imaging examination is safe, noninvasive, visual and high accuracy of examination. It is recognized as the first, credible and indispensable diagnostic method for the diagnosis of fetal malformations. It is suitable for diagnosing fetal malformations and guiding the doctors timely Intrauterine therapy and termination of pregnancy plays a very important screening role.