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很久以来,岩石崩出是地下洞室中造成材料破坏和人员伤亡的最危险事变。然而企图从力学和材料科学的观点去了解岩石崩出的物理原理却是相当近期才开始的。本文主要研究煤矿中的岩石崩出。在一般介绍之后,评述了建立在称为“易崩出”的被挖掘材料特殊性质基础上的方法。然后是问题的结构方法的综述。最后提出一个初步的结构模型,对引发岩石崩出的危险性或对它的效率得出了一些简单的近似条件。
For a long time, the rock collapse was the most dangerous incident in the underground caverns that caused material destruction and casualties. However, attempts to understand the physical principles of rock collapse from the point of view of mechanics and materials science have only recently begun. This paper mainly studies the rock collapse in coal mines. After the general introduction, the method based on the special properties of the excavated material called “bump-out” was reviewed. Then there is a review of the structure of the problem. Finally, a preliminary structural model is proposed, which gives some simple approximate conditions for the risk of rock fallout or its efficiency.