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自由基是近年来在基础医学和生命科学领域的研究热点,活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)是生物体内一类活性含氧化合物的总称。主要包括超氧阴离子、羟自由基和过氧化氢等。静息条件下,细胞内ROS的水平被控制在很低的范围,并在抗菌、消炎和抑制肿瘤等方面具有重要意义。ROS对信号转导通路中氧化还原敏感的蛋白激酶有调节作用。但在疾病或某些外源性药物和毒物入侵后,ROS生成可以快速地增加;进一步导致氧化应激和抗氧化防御间平衡失调,从而引起生物膜和大分子物质发生脂质过氧化损伤。ROS的产生和代谢失衡还与多种疾病有着密切的关系。本文对细胞内ROS的产生、对机体损伤、与疾病关系及在信号转导、基因调节过程中的作用机制进行了较为全面的综述。
Radicals are the hotspot in the field of basic medicine and life science in recent years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a general term for a class of active oxygenated compounds in the body. Mainly include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide. Resting conditions, the level of intracellular ROS is controlled in a very low range, and in the anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and inhibit the tumor has important significance. ROS regulates redox-sensitive protein kinases in signal transduction pathways. However, the ROS generation can rapidly increase after the disease or the invasion of some exogenous drugs and poisons, leading to the imbalanced balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, leading to lipid peroxidation damage in biofilms and macromolecules. ROS generation and metabolic imbalance also has a close relationship with a variety of diseases. In this paper, the generation of intracellular ROS, the damage to the body, and the relationship between the disease and signal transduction, gene regulation in the process of a more comprehensive review.