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豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)是一种世界性恶性杂草,也是入侵我国的重要杂草之一,其不仅对入侵地的植物种群多样性造成极大的破坏,同时也严重危害土表节肢动物多样性.世界各国都在积极地采取各项措施控制豚草的进一步扩散和危害,其中生物防治是一种高效、安全、经济的防治措施.由此,通过小区试验比较了生物防治(广聚萤叶甲(Ophraella communa)和豚草卷蛾(Epiblema strenuana))区和化学药剂防治(农达)区内土表节肢动物多样性,并运用多样性指数、丰富度指数、优势集中性指数、均匀度指数等指标进行分析、评价.通过对70个试验小区进行8次的系统取样调查,共采集到2个纲,13个目,86个科,16838个节肢动物个体,其中弹尾目、蜘蛛目、膜翅目、同翅目等的节肢动物是优势物种,弹尾目的个体数量是各科目之最,占总个体数的35.7%.不同控制措施防治豚草,天敌昆虫豚草卷蛾和广聚萤叶甲防治小区的多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数均较化学药剂防治区和CK高,而优势集中性指数较化学药剂防治区和CK低.生物防治各小区的各项指数随时间的波动性明显较化学防治区和CK的小,两种天敌昆虫防治的高梯度小区较低梯度的波动性稍小,联合防治小区较单一天敌防治小区的波动小.可见,利用豚草天敌昆虫豚草卷蛾和广聚萤叶甲防治豚草对生态系统的节肢动物多样性具有明显的改善作用.本研究结果进一步证实了可利用天敌昆虫豚草卷蛾和广聚萤叶甲防治豚草来恢复豚草发生区的生态系统,生态学意义深远.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a worldwide malignant weed that is also one of the important weeds that invade our country. It not only causes great damage to the diversity of plant populations invaded, but also seriously damages the arthropod diversity All countries in the world are actively taking various measures to control the further proliferation and harm of ragweed, of which biological control is an efficient, safe and economical prevention and control measure.Thus, compared with biological control (Ophraella communa and Epiblema strenuana) and chemical agent control (Nongda) were studied. The diversity index, abundance index, dominant concentration index Degree index and other indicators were analyzed and evaluated.According to the systematic sampling survey of 70 plots of 8 times, a total of 2 classes, 13 orders, 86 families and 16,838 arthropods were collected, of which, , Hymenoptera, Homoptera and other arthropods are the dominant species, the number of individuals in the tail is the most subjects, accounting for 35.7% of the total number of individuals. Different control measures against ragweed, natural enemies of ragweed moth The diversity index, richness index and evenness index of Polygona florescenta community were higher than that of chemical control zone and CK, while the dominant concentration index was lower than that of chemical control zone and CK. The volatility of the index over time was significantly lower than that of the CK and CK, and the gradient of the lower gradient of the high gradient community controlled by the two kinds of natural enemy insects was slightly less than that of the single enemy control community The natural enemies of the ragweed moth and the polygollar control ragweed have significantly improved the diversity of arthropod in the ecosystem.The results of this study further confirmed the use of natural enemies of the ragweed moth and Polygala tenuifolia Eradication of ragweed to restore the ecosystem of ragweed area, ecological significance.