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目的了解青春期学生全身骨量的影响因素,为从生命早期预防骨质疏松提供科学依据。方法调查了北京市怀柔区学生共337人,年龄为11·4~16·1岁,男生172人,女生165人。采用24h回顾法了解膳食摄入、体力活动问卷了解体力活动情况。采用双能量X线骨密度测量仪(DEXA)测量全身骨量及体脂百分比。用Tanner五分期法评价第二性征发育。采用身高标准体重评价研究对象的营养状况。结果多元逐步回归分析表明:与男生全身BMD关系最大的是体重,其次是体脂百分比、吸烟、体力活动能量消耗、营养正常和膳食钙摄入量,与BMC关系最大的是体重,其次是身高、肥胖、吸烟和体力活动能量消耗;与女生全身BMD关系最大的是体重,其次是乳房发育分期、月经初潮、脂肪摄入量和年龄,与BMC关系最大的体重,其次是身高、乳房发育分期、磷摄入量、膳食钙摄入量和月经初潮。结论影响北京市郊区学生全身骨量主要决定因素为体重、青春发育状况和身高,体力活动和膳食钙对男生全身骨量的影响大于对女生的影响。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of systemic bone mass in adolescent students and provide scientific basis for preventing osteoporosis from the early stage of life. Methods A total of 337 students from Huairou District of Beijing were investigated, aged from 11.4 to 16.1 years old, with 172 boys and 165 girls. Use the 24h review method to understand dietary intake and physical activity questionnaires to understand physical activity. Body mass and body fat percentages were measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The Tanner five-point method was used to evaluate the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The body height standard weight was used to evaluate the nutritional status of the study subjects. Results Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that body weight was the largest relationship with BMD in boys, followed by body fat percentage, smoking, physical activity energy expenditure, normal nutrition, and dietary calcium intake. Body weight was the greatest relationship with BMC, followed by height. Obesity, smoking, and physical activity energy expenditure; Body weight is the largest relationship with girls overall body BMD, followed by breast development stage, menarche, fat intake and age, and BMC the greatest relationship weight, followed by height, breast development stage , phosphorus intake, dietary calcium intake and menarche. Conclusion The main determinants of total bone mass influencing the students in Beijing suburbs are body weight, adolescent development status and height, and the effects of physical activity and dietary calcium on the body mass of the boys are greater than those of the girls.