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背景:女性运动员月经周期与运动能力的关系,尤其是不同月经周期影响运动成绩的机制是一个值得探索的问题。目的:比较不同月经周期性激素水平和运动成绩的变化情况,及对运动成绩的影响。设计:单一样本单因素分析。单位:浙江体育科学研究所和浙江大学教育学院及浙江省人民医院妇产科。对象:在2000年对浙江省赛艇、田径队的所有女运动员中发放专门设计的月经卡,连续记录3个月以了解女运动员的月经周期状况,取月经规则的共25名作为实验对象,其中赛艇专项的女运动员12名,平均年龄19岁,田径专项的女运动员13名,平均年龄18岁。训练年限均在3年以上,每周训练6天,4～6h/d,身体健康,月经周期规则,未使用过影响月经周期的药物。方法:分别在实验对象卵泡期(周期第6～10天)和黄体期(周期第19～23天)上午8:00-9:00时抽取血样,应用全自动化学发光免疫仪测定血清雌二醇、促卵泡激素、促黄体生成素、孕酮和睾酮的含量,试剂批内变异系数<5%。受试者并在抽血后一两天内完成运动成绩和血乳酸的测试。赛艇运动员使用美国产划船测功仪进行2000m、500m全力拉,田径运动员进行100m、200m全速跑,记录所需时间;赛艇运动员在测功仪上用26次/min浆频完成2000m的运动,田径运动员以90%的强度完成3个300m跑,间隙3min,运动结束后即刻取指血测定血乳酸值,采用小样本研究中配对t检验进行显著性检验。主要观察指标:血清雌二醇、促卵泡激素、促黄体生成素、孕酮和血乳酸含量,赛艇运动员测功仪2000m、500m成绩,田径运动员100m、200m成绩。结果:25名运动员完成全部指标检测,均进入结果分析。赛艇运动员黄体期促卵泡激素、孕酮及睾酮水平均高于卵泡期,雌二醇和促黄体生成素的水平无差异;田径运动员黄体期孕酮及睾酮的水平高于卵泡期,而雌二醇、促卵泡激素和促黄体生成素则无差别。赛艇运动员500m测功仪和田径运动员100m、200m全力跑的成绩,黄体期均优于卵泡期,而赛艇运动员2000m成绩无显著性差异。运动员在卵泡期和黄体期完成同等负荷的运动时,黄体期血乳酸值均显著低于卵泡期。结论:黄体期受试运动员机能状态较好,可能与月经周期中激素水平的变化以及在运动状态下各种激素间具有的协同效应有关,提示对女运动员的生理周期应引起充分的重视。
Background: The relationship between menstrual cycle and exercise ability of female athletes, especially the mechanism of different menstrual cycles affecting athletic performance, is a question worth exploring. OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes of sex hormones and exercise scores in different menstrual cycles and the impact on sports performance. Design: Single sample univariate analysis. Unit: Zhejiang Institute of Physical Education and Zhejiang University School of Education and Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology. PARTICIPANTS: In 2000, specially designed menstrual cards were issued to all female athletes in Zhejiang Province for rowing and track and field teams. The menstrual cycle was continuously recorded for 3 months to understand the menstrual cycle status of female athletes. A total of 25 menstrual rules were used as experimental subjects, Among them, there are 12 female athletes who are rowing specialists, with an average age of 19 years old and 13 athletes specialized in track and field, with an average age of 18 years. Training are more than 3 years, 6 days a week training, 4 ~ 6h / d, good health, menstrual cycle rules, not used drugs that affect the menstrual cycle. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 8:00 to 9:00 in the follicular phase (cycles 6 to 10) and luteal phase (cycles 19 to 23) respectively. Serum estradiol Alcohol, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone and testosterone, the intra-assay coefficient of variation <5%. Subjects completed the test of athletic performance and blood lactate within a day or two after blood drawing. The rowers used the American rowing dynamometer for pulling at 2000m and 500m, and the track and field athletes carried 100m and 200m full-speed races to record the required time. The rowing athletes completed the 2000m exercise on the dynamometer with 26 pulsations per min , Track and field athletes completed three 300-m-runs at 90% intensity for 3 minutes, and blood was taken immediately after the end of exercise to determine the blood lactate level. The paired t-test was used for significant test in the small sample study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone and blood lactate content, rowing athletes dynamometer 2000m, 500m results, track and field athletes 100m, 200m results. Results: Twenty-five athletes completed all the index tests and all entered the result analysis. The levels of FSH, progesterone and testosterone in the luteal phase of the rowers were higher than those in the follicular phase, with no difference in the levels of estradiol and luteinizing hormone. The level of progesterone and testosterone in the luteal phase of track and field athletes was higher than that of the follicular phase, Alcohol, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone no difference. Rowing athletes 500m dynamometer and track and field athletes 100m, 200m full run results, luteal phase are better than the follicular phase, while the rowing athletes 2000m results no significant difference. Athletes in the follicular and luteal phase to complete the same load of exercise, the luteal phase of blood lactate values were significantly lower than the follicular phase. Conclusion: The performance status of the athletes in the luteal phase is good, which may be related to the changes of hormone levels in the menstrual cycle and the synergistic effects among various hormones during exercise. It suggests that the physiological cycle of the female athletes should be given sufficient attention.