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对不同有机肥施肥水平下新疆伊犁有机大豆田的杂草发生种类、发生量、群落多样性及大豆产量等进行研究与分析。结果表明:有机大豆生育期内共发生杂草10科16种,以双子叶、一年生杂草为主要发生类型。处理N180(纯N 180 kg·hm-2)、N120(纯N 120 kg·hm-2)、N60(纯N 60 kg·hm-2)与对照N0(纯N 0 kg·hm-2)相比,其发生的杂草种类基本一致;全生育期内4种处理杂草的发生量差异不显著(P<0.05),对其杂草发生量未有影响。苗期和花期,4种处理杂草的群落结构基本一致,均以反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)、无芒稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.var.mitis(Pursh)Peterm)和灰黎(Chenopodium album L.)3种杂草为优势种,但其优势度或高或低;成熟期,N180、N120处理的杂草群落优势种与苗期、花期的基本一致,N60处理的优势种为反枝苋、无芒稗和稗(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.);对照的优势种则变为反枝苋、灰黎和稗。4种处理对其杂草群落的丰富度均随采样次数而下降,但对其杂草群落多样性和均匀度未有影响,且对其杂草群落的共有种与相似度表现的随机性比较强。从成本和增产效果等综合因素考虑分析,N120处理的成本相对较低,增产效果较佳。
The species, amount, community diversity and soybean yield of weeds in Yili organic soybean field under different fertilizer levels were studied and analyzed. The results showed that there were 10 families and 16 species of weeds in the growing period of organic soybean, with dicotyledon and annual weeds as the main types. The treatments of N180 (pure N 180 kg · hm-2), N120 (pure N 120 kg · hm-2), N60 (pure N 60 kg · hm-2) and control N0 The occurrence of weeds was basically the same, but no significant difference (P <0.05) was observed among the four weed species during the whole growth period, which had no effect on the weed occurrence. The seedling stage and flowering stage of the four weed communities were basically the same, with Amaranthus retroflexus L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.var.mitis (Pursh) Peterm and gray Three weeds of Chenopodium album L. were the dominant species, but their dominance was high or low. At the maturity stage, dominant species of weed communities treated with N180 and N120 were basically the same as the seedling and flowering stage, and the advantages of N60 treatment Species were Amaranthus retroflexus, barnyardgrass and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.); The dominant species of the control became Amaranthus retroflexus, Prunus mongolica and barnyardgrass. The richness of four weed communities declined with the number of sampling, but had no effect on the weed community diversity and evenness, and compared the randomness of common species and similarity of weed community Strong. Considering the comprehensive factors such as cost and stimulation effect, the cost of N120 treatment is relatively low, and the stimulation effect is better.