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公元前490年,波斯军队入侵希腊,顽强的希腊人凭借有利的地理条件重创波斯入侵者。一名传令兵从希腊的马拉松镇跑到雅典城,在报告了胜利的消息后,因体力衰竭而死亡。1896年首届奥运会举行时,历史学家米歇尔·布莱尔建议以这一史实设立一个比赛项目,并定名为“马拉松”。比赛沿用当年希腊传令兵所跑的路线,距离约为40公里。1908年,第4届奥运会在伦敦举行。为方便英国王室人员观看马拉松比赛,组委会特意将起点设在温莎宫的阳台下,终点设在奥林匹克运动场内,起点到终点的距离经丈量为42.195公里。国际田联后来将这一距离确定为马拉松长跑的标准距离。
In 490 BC, the Persian army invaded Greece, and the stalwart Greeks devastated the Persian invaders with favorable geographical conditions. A messenger ran from the town of Marathon in Greece to Athens, where she died of physical failure after reporting the victory. When the first Olympic Games were held in 1896, historian Michelle Blair proposed the establishment of a competition project based on this historical fact, and named it “Marathon.” The race follows the route run by the Greek herald of the year at a distance of about 40 kilometers. In 1908, the 4th Olympic Games was held in London. In order to facilitate the British royal family members to watch the marathon, the Organizing Committee deliberately set the starting point under the balcony of the Windsor Palace. The final location was at the Olympic Stadium. The distance from the starting point to the end point was measured as 42.195 km. The IAAF later defined this distance as the standard distance for a marathon race.