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收集70例2008年以来根据《职业性哮喘诊断标准》(GBZ57—2008)确诊为职业性哮喘的诊断相关资料进行统计学分析。结果表明职业性哮喘多发生于从事化学操作工种工人;私营企业病例数占大多数;致喘物质多见于异氰酸酯类、头孢菌素、甲醛、油漆、甲苯等5类;31～40岁患病人数最多,占57.14%;男性多于女性,平均年龄37.5岁,平均工龄10.3年,平均潜伏期6.6年;组胺支气管激发试验阳性率和肺功能异常率高达95%以上。提示应加强化工、制药、塑胶、染料等化工类企业员工的职业健康体检,做好职业防护,增强安全意识,减少职业病的发生;及早发现、减轻发病程度。
We collected 70 cases of diagnostic data of occupational asthma diagnosed according to “Diagnostic criteria of occupational asthma” (GBZ57-2008) since 2008 for statistical analysis. The results showed that occupational asthma occurred mostly in workers engaged in chemical operations; the majority of private enterprises accounted for; the most common cause of asthma substances are isocyanates, cephalosporins, formaldehyde, paint, toluene and other 5 categories; the number of patients aged 31 to 40 Accounting for 57.14%; men more than women, the average age of 37.5 years, the average length of service 10.3 years, the average incubation period of 6.6 years; histamine bronchial provocation test positive rate and pulmonary function abnormalities as high as 95%. It is suggested that occupational health examination should be strengthened for employees in chemical, pharmaceutical, plastic, dye and other chemical industries, that occupational health protection should be improved, safety awareness should be enhanced and incidence of occupational diseases should be reduced. Early detection and mitigation of the incidence should be made.