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松弛激素(relaxin,Rl_x)为一多肽激素,分子量约为6,000,由2个二硫键将不同的A、B链连接而成,在A链内有一额外的二硫键。其结构与胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子类似。人类Rl_x的2个非等位基因位于第9染色体短臂上。人类Rl_x的互补脱氧核糖核酸已被分离、克隆化和定出序列。近年来,已有人工合成的Rl_x问世。在雌(女)性体内,未妊娠女性的少量Rl_x由卵巢分泌,孕妇由黄体分泌,豚鼠由子宫内膜生成,而胎盘则为孕马Rl_x的主要来源。雌(女)性生殖道在妊娠时的很多结构与功能变化,如子宫颈的软化、子宫的松弛以及骨盆韧带的松弛等,都与Rl_x有关。对于Rl_x在雄(男)性体内的作用,其研究远较雌(女)性为少,但其重要意义则不能低估,故综述如下。
Relaxin (Rl_x), a polypeptide hormone with a molecular weight of about 6,000, consists of two disulfide bonds linking different A and B chains with an additional disulfide bond within the A chain. Its structure is similar to that of insulin and insulin-like growth factor. Two non-alleles of human Rl_x are located on the short arm of chromosome 9. Human Rl_x complementary DNA has been isolated, cloned and sequenced. In recent years, there have been synthetic Rl_x come out. In the female (female) body, a small amount of non-pregnant women Rl_x secreted by the ovary, pregnant women secreted by the corpus luteum, guinea pigs produced by the endometrium, while the placenta is the main source of pregnant Rl_x. Female (female) genital tract during pregnancy, many structural and functional changes, such as cervical softening, uterine relaxation and relaxation of the pelvic ligament, etc., are related with Rl_x. The role of Rl_x in male (male) body, its far less than the female (female), but its significance can not be underestimated, it is summarized as follows.