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目的了解替代第二类疫苗(SV)对儿童完成国家免疫规划疫苗系列(NIPVS)接种的影响,为儿童免疫规划工作提供参考依据。方法于2013年10月采用按容量比例概率抽样方法从福建省1 004个合并后的乡镇中抽取34个乡镇(街道),按批质量保证抽样方法抽取其中1 428名2~4岁儿童进行疫苗接种情况调查,评估SV的覆盖范围及其对儿童完成NIPVS的影响。结果调查的34个乡镇(街道)中有24个(70.6%)开展了SV服务,调查的1 428名儿童中有1 350名儿童完成了NIPVS接种,NIPVS完成接种率为94.5%;未供应SV地区儿童、SV供应地区未接种SV儿童和供应SV地区接种SV儿童NIPVS完成接种率分别为96.4%、92.1%和97.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.00,P<0.01);多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄3~4岁、父亲文化程度高中/中专和居住在丘陵地区均有利于儿童完成NIPVS接种;少数民族和SV供应地区未接种SV均不利于儿童完成NIPVS接种。结论供应SV对儿童完成NIPVS接种具有双刃剑作用,对于SV供应地区儿童更应促进其SV的接种。
Objective To understand the impact of substituting the second type of vaccine (SV) for vaccination of children on the completion of the National Immunization Vaccine Series (NIPVS) and to provide a reference for the immunization planning of children. Methods In October 2013, 34 townships (towns) were selected from 1,004 townships and townships (towns) in Fujian Province according to the method of probability-of-proportion sampling, and 1 428 children aged 2 to 4 years were sampled by batch quality assurance sampling Inoculation surveys to assess the coverage of SVs and their impact on children’s completion of NIPVS. Results Among the 34 townships (sub-districts) surveyed, 24 (70.6%) conducted SV services. Among the 1,428 children surveyed, 1 350 children completed NIPVS vaccination and the NIPVS completion rate was 94.5%. SVs were not provided The vaccination rate of NIPVS children who received SV from non-vaccinated SV children and SV vaccinated children in SV region was 96.4%, 92.1% and 97.9%, respectively, with significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 17.00, P <0.01); The results of unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that children aged 3 to 4 years old, father’s educational high school / secondary school and living in hilly areas were all benefit to complete NIPVS inoculation. Non-vaccinated SVs in minority and SV-supplying areas were not good for children to complete NIPVS Inoculation. Conclusions Supply of SV has a double-edged sword effect for children to complete NIPVS inoculation. SV should be promoted for SV children.