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对我国北方梨优势产区56个主栽品种105份样品进行了果实外观品质和内在品质的鉴定评价。结果表明:北方梨品种砧木以杜梨为主,占68.57%;果实形状以扁圆形居多,占28.57%;果形指数0.78~1.67,平均值1.04;单果重50.0~646.0 g,平均值252.8 g;果皮颜色以黄色和绿黄色居多,分别占50.48%、21.90%;果锈无或极少、少的占90.48%;早红考密斯、龙园洋梨、朝鲜洋梨等品种果点不明显;果心中等的最多,占64.76%;果肉颜色以白色和淡黄色为主,分别占65.71%、24.76%;每100 g果肉石细胞含量为0.010~2.645 g,平均值0.337 g,早酥、七月酥、黄金、巴梨石细胞含量极低;可溶性固形物含量8.90%~16.64%,平均值12.45%,最高的是黑龙江的龙园香梨;可溶性糖含量6.95%~12.00%,平均值9.24%;可滴定酸含量0.08%~1.27%,平均值0.28%;糖酸比8.87~110.75,平均值47.19,最高的为石家庄肖家营的中梨1号。综合评价表明,黄冠、早酥、黄金、圆黄、红香酥、玉露香、早红考密斯、巴梨、龙园洋红、南果、新梨7号、朝鲜洋梨等品种综合性状优良。
A total of 105 samples of 56 main cultivars from the pear-prone area of north China were evaluated for their appearance and quality. The results showed that the rootstock of North pear variety was mainly Petiole, accounting for 68.57% of the total. The shape of the fruit was mostly oblate, accounting for 28.57%. The fruit shape index was 0.78-1.67 with an average of 1.04. The average fruit weight was 50.0-646.0 g with an average value of 252.8 g; peel color is mostly yellow and green yellow, accounting for 50.48%, 21.90%, respectively; fruit rust no or few, accounting for less 90.48%; early reddragon, longyuan pears, Korean pear and other varieties of fruit is not obvious; The fruit color was the highest, accounting for 64.76%. The color of the flesh was mainly white and light yellow, accounting for 65.71% and 24.76% respectively. The content of fossil stone per 100 g was 0.010-2.645 g with the average value of 0.337 g. The content of soluble solid was 8.90% ~ 16.64%, the average was 12.45%, the highest was Longyuan pear in Heilongjiang Province; the content of soluble sugar was 6.95% ~ 12.00%, the average was 9.24 %; Titratable acid content of 0.08% ~ 1.27%, an average of 0.28%; sugar acid ratio of 8.87 ~ 110.75, an average of 47.19, the highest Shijiazhuang Xiaojiaying pear in the No. 1. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the comprehensive traits such as Huangguan, Shangxu, Huangjin, Yuanhuang, Hongxiangsu, Jaderoxene, Schima superba, Barberry, Longyuan magenta, South fruit, Xinli 7 and North Korea pear were excellent.