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我国山区特殊的地形、地质及气候条件造成泥石流灾害频繁发生,严重危害居民生命财产安全并限制山区经济社会可持续发展。国内外泥石流防治研究取得显著成效,但还需要研究如何合理搭配治理措施以满足泥石流防治的需求。本文简要介绍我国泥石流防治技术,主要内容有综合防治技术体系、植物工程措施、岩土工程措施、以及植物工程措施与岩土工程措施的有机结合。探讨了以主河输沙能力为控制条件,以地理条件和微地形因子为植物种类选择依据,坡面治理与沟道拦蓄配合,形成“坡面——沟道——小流域”的多级径流和固体物质调控体系。为了做好泥石流防治工作,今后应该加强植物措施治理泥石流的机理研究,评价植物措施的功能并编制设计技术规范,完善植物工程措施与岩土工程措施结合的综合治理体系。
Due to the special terrain, geology and climatic conditions in mountainous areas of our country, debris flow hazards frequently occur, which seriously endanger the life and property safety of residents and restrict the sustainable economic and social development in mountainous areas. At home and abroad, great achievements have been made in the research of prevention and control of debris flow, but it is also necessary to study how to rationally match the treatment measures to meet the needs of debris flow prevention and control. This article briefly introduces the prevention and control of debris flow in our country. The main contents include comprehensive prevention and control technology system, plant engineering measures, geotechnical engineering measures and organic combination of plant engineering measures and geotechnical engineering measures. In this paper, we consider the condition of controlling the sediment transport capacity of the main river, the selection of plant species by the geographical conditions and the micro-topographical factors, and the combination of slope control and channel closure to form a “slope-channel-small watershed” Multilevel runoff and solid material control system. In order to do a good job of debris flow prevention and control work in the future should strengthen the mechanism of plant debris flow control mechanism to assess the function of plant measures and the preparation of design specifications, improve the plant engineering measures and geotechnical measures combined with a comprehensive management system.