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火枪,俗称鸟枪,它与弓矢、火炮同列为清代军队装备的三大武器。康熙、乾隆帝重视火枪的使用与管理,对演习鸟枪都有明确的规定,官兵素质和训练水平有很大提高。这些遗留的武备具有很高的历史价值,可以折射清朝的一些军事行动和事件、中外文化交流的情况,以及当时世界兵器制造业的发展状况。本文阐述了康熙帝老年时总结自己一生射猎战果,展示了宫藏盛有乾隆帝狩猎时射获禽兽战绩和使用的铅弹。但由于清政府溺于传统而忽略对火器的研制,火器的技术发展受到冲击,最后毫无创新可言,火枪仅仅深藏宫中而没有加以研发和装备军队,只是成为帝王权势的象征和显示武功皇威的陈列品。
Firearms, commonly known as shotgun, with bow arrow, artillery with the Qing Dynasty armed forces with three weapons. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong attached great importance to the use and management of firearms, and they all clearly stipulated that the quality of their officers and men and the level of training should be greatly improved. These legacy weapons have a high historical value and can reflect some of the military operations and events in the Qing Dynasty, the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, and the development of the world’s weapons industry at the time. This article elaborates on Emperor Kangxi’s summing up his lifetime shooting results when he was old, and shows the lead bullets that were captured by the Emperor Qianlong during the hunting of the Emperor Qianlong. However, due to the Qing government’s indulgence in ignoring the development of firearms, the technological development of firearms was impacted. Finally, there was no innovation at all. The firearms were merely hidden inside the palace but were not developed and equipped with troops. They merely symbolized and displayed imperial power Wu Gong Huang Wei’s display products.