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蛋白质组分改良是国内外大豆蛋白质品质育种的研究热点之一。大豆种子贮藏蛋白主要包括11S球蛋白和7Sβ-伴大豆球蛋白,它们也是大豆蛋白营养价值和功能特性的决定组分。利用我国自然突变产生的亚基缺失体材料通过聚合育种,并经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)分析鉴定表明:已获得A3+α’亚基缺失、只含有β亚基、只含有α+β亚基、只含有α’+β亚基、只含有7S亚基和A5A4B3亚基缺失、A2A1aA1b含量极低、B1aB1bB2含量极低等系列单缺、双缺、多缺的贮藏蛋白亚基组成类型新种质,其中A3+α’亚基缺失、只含有α+β亚基、只含有7S亚基3种种质均能正常生长、结实,并稳定遗传;只含7S亚基类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白的7S组分总量含量最高;A3+α’亚基缺失类型大豆种子贮藏蛋白11S组分总含量最高;在11S+7S组分总量上由高到低依次是A3+α’亚基缺失类型>只含7S亚基类型>只含α+β亚基类型;11S/7S比值的变异范围在0.14~1.27。三种类型种质完熟期基本在105~111 d;百粒重基本一致;A3+α’亚基缺失类型大豆单株产量最高平均为55.12 g;只含α+β亚基类型蛋脂总量最低为57.6%,蛋白质含量由高到低依次为只含7S亚基类型、A3+α’亚基缺失类型、只含α+β亚基类型,脂肪含量由高到低依次为:只含α+β亚基类型、只含7S亚基类型、A3+α’亚基缺失类型。
The improvement of protein composition is one of the hot topics in the research of soybean protein quality breeding at home and abroad. Soybean seed storage proteins mainly include 11S globulin and 7Sβ-conglycinin, which are also the determining components of the nutritional value and functional properties of soy protein. Subunit-deleted material produced by natural mutation in China was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The result showed that the A3 + α ’subunit was deleted and only contained the β subunit Contains α + β subunit, contains only α ’+ β subunit, only contains 7S subunit and A5A4B3 subunit deletion, A2A1aA1b content is extremely low, B1aB1bB2 content is very low and other series of single-deficient, double missing, lack of storage protein sub The three germplasm types were new germplasm, in which the A3 + α ’subunit was deleted, only the α + β subunit was contained, and only the 7S subunit contained three germplasms that could grow normally, The total content of 7S components of the seed storage protein was the highest; the content of the 11S components of the soybean seed storage protein with the type of A3 + α ’subunit was the highest; the order of the components of the 11S + 7S components was A3 + α’ Subunit deletion type> contains only 7S subunit type> contains only α + β subunit type; 11S / 7S ratio variation ranged from 0.14 to 1.27. The average maturity of three types of germplasm was in the range of 105-111 d. The average grain weight of the three types of germplasm was the same. The average single crop yield of A3 + α ’subunit-deficient type was 55.12 g. With the lowest content of 57.6%. The content of protein in descending order was 7S subunit type, the type of A3 + α ’subunit was absent, only the α + β subunit type. The order of fat content from high to low was α + β subunit type, containing only 7S subunit type, A3 + α ’subunit deletion type.