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许多蛇类,例如响尾蛇属,洞蛇属,饭匙倩蛇属,竹叶青蛇属和蝮蛇属等在头部具有一对能在黑暗中探测和捕获猎物的凹陷器官。这种凹陷器官对红外射线非常敏感,因此也称为红外线感受器官。凹陷器官在中间部位被一层约为15μm厚的薄膜(红外线感受膜)分隔为外腔和内腔,红外线感受膜由三叉神经节中的特化假单极神经细胞(红外线感受细胞)的外周轴突所支配,红外线感受膜内相邻的游离神经末梢聚合形成约40μm直径的团块,构成了基本的红外线感受野单元。三叉神经节中的红外线感受细胞的中枢轴突投射到同侧延髓中的三叉神经束外侧降核,该神经核团为此类蛇属所特有。从三叉神经束外侧降核二级神经元发出的轴突投射到对侧视顶盖。由于蛇类不具有分化的半球新皮质,因此视顶盖为红外线感受系统的感觉与行为的整合中枢。在三叉神经节,延髓三叉神经束外侧降核及视顶盖均可记录到神经细胞对红外线刺激的反应电位,从而可观察红外线刺激强度与各级红外线感受神经元反应强度的关系。本文简述了蛇类红外线感受系统的形态学和生理学特征及其研究进展,并且探讨了利用蛇类红外线感受系统作为生物体接受外气功研究的实验动物模型的可能性。
Many snakes, such as Rattus norvegicus, Caenorhabditis spp., Myrsinaceae, Diphtheria, and Acutus have a pair of recessed organs on their heads that detect and capture prey in the dark. This recessed organ is very sensitive to infrared radiation and is therefore also known as an infrared receptor. The depressed organ is divided into a lumen and a lumen by a thin film (infrared sensing membrane) of about 15 [mu] m thick in the middle part. The infrared sensing membrane is composed of the outer periphery of the specialized pseudomorphic nerve cells (infrared sensing cells) in the trigeminal ganglion Axon dominated the infrared receptors adjacent free nerve endings polymerization to form a diameter of about 40μm clumps, constitute the basic infrared receptive field unit. The central axons of infra-sensory cells in the trigeminal ganglion project to the lateral nucleus of the trigeminal fasciculus in the ipsilateral medulla, which is characteristic of this species. Axons projected from the denervated nucleus secondary neurons outside the trigeminal nerve bundle project to the contralateral view cap. Because snakes do not have a differentiated hemispherical neocortex, the visual cap is the integrated center of the sensory and behavioral aspects of the infrared sensory system. In the trigeminal ganglion, medullary lateral nucleus of medulla oblongata and visual cortex, the response potential of nerve cells to infrared stimulation can be recorded, and the relationship between the intensity of infrared stimulation and the intensity of infrared sensory neurons at all levels can be observed. This article describes the morphological and physiological characteristics of snake infrared sensing system and its research progress, and discusses the possibility of using the snake infrared sensing system as a living animal experimental model to accept external Qigong.