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明末清初以来,中国货币开始发生变化,由于和西方国家的贸易交流,特别是新大陆发现后,北美大银矿的发现、西属殖民地银元的铸行、丝银之路的开通,使得中国传统的币制开始发生了巨大的变化,传统的行使铜钱和纸币的货币体系,开始向着使用银和铜钱的时代转变。本文将从完全不同的视角去讨论这一问题,那就是西方传教士眼中的近代中国币制演变。西方传教士与中国货币的关系可概括为两方面,一是传教士留下的许多文献,如书信、文章、论著及回忆录等,这些对今天人们研究中西经济、文化交流提供了独到而珍贵的史料。另一方面,长期生活在中国的西方传教士,不仅在理论上关注中国的货币制度及币制变化,还通过教会发行私票的方式直接影响近代中国币制的变革。
Since the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, China’s currency began to change. Due to the exchange of trade with western countries, especially after the discovery of the New World, the discovery of large silver mines in North America, the casting of silver dollar in the colonies of West China and the opening of the Silk Road made China The traditional monetary system started to change dramatically. The traditional monetary system of exercising copper and paper currency began to shift toward the era of using silver and copper coins. This article will discuss this issue from a totally different perspective, which is the evolution of the modern Chinese currency in the eyes of Western missionaries. The relationship between Western missionaries and the Chinese currency can be summed up in two aspects. First, many documents left by missionaries, such as letters, articles, treatises and memoirs, provide a unique and precious study of the economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West today historical data. On the other hand, Western missionaries who have lived in China for a long time not only pay attention to China’s monetary system and currency changes in theory, but also directly influence the reform of modern Chinese currency through the way that the church issues private tickets.