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答:接种卡介苗可使未感染结核者减少原发感染;而药物预防可使已感染者减少发病。药物预防对于原发感染后易发生的粟粒型结核和结核性脑膜炎,有显著的预防作用;对减少成人时期结核病的发生也有作用.药物预防结核病已有30年的历史,目前在一些经济发达的国家已开展应用。研究证明预防有效的药物是异烟肼。其剂量成人每日300毫克;儿童为5～10毫克/公斤/日,均顿服,服用时间为一年.时间过短无预防作用,过大剂量或长期服用均无必要.
A: BCG vaccination can reduce uninfected tuberculosis primary infection; and drug prevention can reduce the incidence of those who have been infected. Drug prevention has a significant preventive effect on miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis that are prone to occur after primary infection, and plays an important role in reducing the incidence of tuberculosis in adults. The drug has been used to prevent tuberculosis for 30 years. At present, in some economically developed Of the countries have been applied. Research shows that the drug that is effective in prevention is isoniazid. The dose of 300 mg daily for adults; children for 5 to 10 mg / kg / day, are Dayton clothing, taking a year. The time is too short, no preventive effect, overdose or long-term use are not necessary.