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香菇栽培过程中,常常出现“蜡烛菇”(有柄无盖)、“松果菇”、“荔枝菇”(菌盖结团无菌柄或不开伞),这就是畸形变异菇。发生畸形菇的原因,除了菌种低劣或病毒感染之外,人为方面的主要原因如下: 一、品种选择不对路。我国香菇菌种有低温、中温、高温三大品系和早熟、中熟、晚熟三种类型。栽培者选用菌种不当,畸形菇就易发生。比如海拔高的山区,应选中、低温菌种为宜,如误用高温型菌种,菇蕾一出现,遇低温便萎缩不长,形成“松果菇”。二、发菌管理不当。在菌丝体(?)期间,如果发菌室光过强,特别是靠近窗口的菌袋,原基提早形成,袋内菇蕾早现,但受袋壁挤压,无法正常伸展,因此脱袋后第一批菇容易出现畸形。
Mushroom cultivation process, often appear “candle mushroom” (with no handle), “pineapple mushrooms”, “litchi mushrooms” (bacteria cover clumps aseptic handle or umbrella), which is deformed mushroom. The reason for the occurrence of Mushrooms, in addition to poor bacteria or virus infection, the main man-made reasons are as follows: First, the choice of species wrong way. Mushroom species in our country have low temperature, temperature, high temperature three strains and early maturity, maturing, late maturing three types. Improper selection of cultivated bacteria, mushroom prone. Such as high mountainous areas, should be selected, low temperature bacteria is appropriate, such as the wrong use of high temperature type mushrooms, mushrooms appear, in case of low temperature will not shrink, forming a “pineapple mushroom.” Second, improper hair management. During the period of mycelium (?), If the germ room light is too strong, especially near the window of the bacteria bags, the formation of early base, the bag mushroom buds early, but by bag wall extrusion, can not normally stretch, so off Bag after the first batch of mushrooms prone to deformity.