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目的了解浦江县学生肺结核流行特征,为制定学校肺结核防控政策提供依据。方法从《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的子系统《结核病管理信息系统》获得2011-2015年浦江县全人群和学生肺结核发病数据,从浦江县统计年鉴获得人口数据,进行流行病学特征分析。结果 2011-2015年,浦江县学生活动性肺结核70例,年均报告发病率为17.56/10万,占全人群总发病数的3.08%,发病构成比从1.88%上升到4.01%。2011-2015年,学生活动性肺结核发病率从13.00/10万上升至22.07/10万,全人群活动性肺结核发病率呈明显下降趋势(χ~2=77.106,P<0.01),两者趋势不一致。发病人群以初中(占10.00%)、高中(占58.57%)和大学(占27.14%)学生为主,每年的4-6月和11月-次年1月为学生肺结核发病高峰。学生肺结核发现方式以转诊和追踪为主,两者合计占75.72%,学生就诊延误率达51.43%。结论浦江县学生活动性肺结核发病在全人群发病下降的背景下仍居高不下,学校肺结核防控形势严峻,要高度重视学校肺结核防控工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Pujiang County, and to provide the basis for the development of prevention and control policies for tuberculosis in schools. Methods Pulmonary tuberculosis data of all population and students in Pujiang County from 2011 to 2015 were obtained from Tuberculosis Management Information System, a subsystem of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Demographic data were obtained from Pujiang County Statistical Yearbook, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Results From 2011 to 2015, 70 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Pujiang County. The average annual incidence rate was 17.56 / 100 000, accounting for 3.08% of the total number of the general population. The incidence proportion increased from 1.88% to 4.01%. From 2011 to 2015, the incidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis among students increased from 13.00 / 100,000 to 22.07 / 100,000, and the incidence of active tuberculosis in the whole population decreased significantly (χ ~ 2 = 77.106, P <0.01). The trend of both was inconsistent . The incidence of the disease mainly in junior high school (accounting for 10.00%), high school (58.57%) and university (27.14%) students, annual April-June and November-January next year for the peak incidence of tuberculosis. Student TB was mainly referral and follow-up, accounting for 75.72% of the total. The delay rate of visiting students was 51.43%. Conclusions The occurrence of active pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Pujiang County is still high in the context of the decline of the whole population. The prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools is in a serious situation. It is necessary to attach great importance to the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.