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发展长江中游玉米生产是解决本区域玉米产需矛盾的根本途径。近年来随着长江中游玉米的快速发展,该地区出现了春玉米–晚稻、双季玉米和早稻–秋玉米等新型的一年两熟制种植模式,为探明其适应性和实用性,2013—2014年在湖北省武穴市设置了传统种植的双季稻(对照)、春玉米–晚稻、双季玉米和早稻–秋玉米共4种两熟制种植模式,分析比较其周年产量及光、温、水资源利用效率和经济效益。结果表明,春玉米–晚稻和双季玉米周年产量显著高于早稻–秋玉米和双季稻。与双季稻相比,春玉米–晚稻周年产量、光能生产效率、光能利用率、积温生产效率、水分利用率及经济效益分别提高18.3%、14.1%、23.4%、16.4%、37.2%和44.3%,双季玉米分别提高了13.5%、8.1%、26.1%、11.4%、88.8%和37.8%。春玉米其产量、积温生产效率、水分利用率及经济效益两年平均比早稻分别高出30.6%、29.5%、57.2%和96.1%,而秋玉米和晚稻之间产量无显著差异。不同玉稻模式周年产量差异主要源于第一季春玉米和早稻产量的差异。可见,春玉米–晚稻和双季玉米是适宜在长江中游推广的两熟制种植模式。
The development of maize production in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is the fundamental way to solve the contradiction between production and demand of maize in this region. In recent years, with the rapid development of maize in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, new double cropping patterns of spring maize - late rice, double cropping corn and early maize - autumn maize emerged in the area. In order to find out its adaptability and practicability, 2013 - In 2014, four double-cropping patterns of double cropping rice (control), spring corn - late rice, double cropping corn and early cropping rice - autumn maize were set up in Wuxue, Hubei Province, and their annual yield and light , Temperature, water use efficiency and economic benefits. The results showed that the annual yield of spring maize - late rice and double seasons corn was significantly higher than that of early rice - autumn maize and double cropping rice. Compared with double cropping rice, annual yield, light energy production efficiency, light energy utilization rate, accumulated temperature production efficiency, water use efficiency and economic benefit increased by 18.3%, 14.1%, 23.4%, 16.4% and 37.2% And 44.3% respectively. The double-crop corn increased by 13.5%, 8.1%, 26.1%, 11.4%, 88.8% and 37.8% respectively. The output of spring corn was 30.6%, 29.5%, 57.2% and 96.1% higher than that of the early rice in the two years on average, while the production efficiency, water use efficiency and economic benefit of spring corn were no significant difference between autumn and late corn. The differences in the annual yields of different jade rice models are mainly due to the differences in the yields of spring corn and early rice in the first season. Can be seen, spring corn - late rice and double season corn is suitable for popularization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River two-cropping system.