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玛特是一个概括古埃及人世界观的概念,其内容涵盖宇宙秩序、社会伦理、个人修养等多方面。它高度抽象,在表达方式上形成了固定的模式且变化不大,所以一直被看作是古埃及文明保守性和延续性的象征;也有些学者认为它含义过多,无法翻译。本文概述了玛特在古代埃及史上的发展和演变过程,指出这是一个多层次的概念:古王国时期,国家的繁荣与稳定赋予它“和谐”和“有序”的含义;第一中间期的社会动荡和中王国的再度繁荣使人们开始了对“正义”和“公理”的思考;而新王国时期帝国的强盛和国际化的潮流促成了对真正意义上的“真理”的求索。
Matt is a concept that summarizes the world view of ancient Egyptians. Its contents cover many aspects such as cosmic order, social ethics and personal accomplishment. It is highly abstract, fixed in the form of expression and little change, it has been seen as a symbol of the conservation and continuity of ancient Egyptian civilization; some scholars think it is too much meaning, can not be translated. This article summarizes the development and evolution of Matt in the history of ancient Egypt and points out that this is a multilevel concept: in the period of the ancient Kingdom, the prosperity and stability of the country endowed it with “harmony” and “orderly” meaning; The social turmoil in the first interim period and the renewed prosperity of the Middle Kingdom led people to start thinking about “justice ” and “axiom ”; while the imperial power and internationalization of the New Kingdom led to the real sense “Truth ” search.