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突涌水事故是山岭隧道穿越各种破碎带时遭遇的主要地质灾害,建立隧道施工许可机制是减少损失和控制风险的有效途径。隧道施工许可机制是一个基于涌水量预测、地质预报、封堵加固措施、开挖方法、施工组织管理和综合评价的风险控制机制,是一个动态调控机制,只有当许可评价的风险在可接受的范畴内才可以施工,否则应调整施工措施,避免灾害的发生。首先,基于经典地下水理论建立涌水量计算模型,实现对隧道穿越破碎带可能涌水量的超前预测;针对待开挖的隧道,基于综合超前地质预报技术体系,实现对掌子面前方待开挖破碎带的规模、空间展布和岩体特征的精确预报;然后,将地质预报和涌水量预测结果同拟采用的封堵加固措施、开挖方法、施工组织管理等因素共同构成施工许可的评价指标,通过综合评价方法判定施工的风险,确定施工的安全性;最后,将此方法应用于泰宁隧道穿越F2破碎带的施工中,根据评价结果,确保隧道安全通过此破碎带。基于破碎带涌水预测的施工许可机制在隧道突水预测与灾害控制方面具有明显作用,其分析结果相对准确可靠,具有广泛的应用前景。
Inrush water accident is a major geological disasters encountered when mountain tunnels pass through various broken belts. Establishing tunnel construction permission mechanism is an effective way to reduce losses and control risks. The tunnel construction permission mechanism is a risk control mechanism based on water inflow prediction, geological prediction, plugging and reinforcement measures, excavation method, construction organization management and comprehensive evaluation. It is a dynamic regulation mechanism. Only when the risk of license evaluation is acceptable Only within the scope of construction, construction measures should be adjusted to avoid the occurrence of disasters. First of all, based on the classical groundwater theory, the calculation model of water inflow is established to predict the possible water inflow of the tunnel through the broken zone. Aiming at the tunnel to be excavated, based on the advanced geological prediction technology system, Then the prediction results of geological prediction and water inflow are combined with the factors such as sealing and reinforcement measures, excavation method and construction organization management to form the evaluation index of construction permit , Determine the risk of construction through comprehensive evaluation method, and determine the safety of construction. Finally, this method is applied to the construction of TINN tunnel crossing F2 broken belt. According to the evaluation results, it is ensured that the tunnel passes the broken belt safely. The construction permission mechanism based on the prediction of gushing water inflow has a significant effect on the prediction of water inrush and disaster control in tunnels. The analysis results are relatively accurate and reliable and have a wide range of application prospects.