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目的探讨我院围产儿出生缺陷发生状况、影响因素及确诊手段,为探索开展围孕期保健提供依据。方法对2006年-2010年5年间在我院住院分娩出生围产儿的监测资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2006年-2010年我院共出生22 211例围产儿,出生缺陷共301例,出生缺陷发生率为13.55‰(301/22211).出生缺陷率位居前五位的分别为先天性心血管疾病、唇腭裂、多指与并指(趾)、单肾缺如及多囊肾、生殖器畸形。产妇城乡间出生缺陷发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.34,P<0.01)。不同年龄、文化程度及胎儿性别比较,差异无统计学意义,但年龄<25岁及≥35岁的产妇其出生缺陷率高于其它组,出生缺陷率随产妇文化程度增高而降低。出生缺陷率的主要诊断手段为超声诊断(59.14%),产前诊断率为48.17%(145/301)。结论减少出生缺陷的工作重点在预防,应提高产前检查质量及产前诊断技术,降低出生缺陷率,提高出生人口素质。
Objective To investigate the occurrence, influential factors and diagnosis of birth defects in perinatal children in our hospital and provide the basis for exploring the health care during perinatal period. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on surveillance data of perinatal infants born in our hospital from 2006 to 2010 during the five years. Results A total of 22 211 perinatal babies were born in our hospital from 2006 to 2010. The total number of birth defects was 301 and the incidence of birth defects was 13.55 ‰ (301/22211) .The top five birth defects were congenital cardiovascular Disease, cleft lip and palate, and fingers and fingers (toe), lack of single kidney and polycystic kidney disease, genital malformations. The incidence of birth defects in urban and rural areas was significantly different (χ2 = 24.34, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in age, education level and fetal sex, but the birth defect rate of women aged <25 years and ≥35 years was higher than that of other groups, and the birth defect rate decreased with the increase of maternal education. The main diagnostic methods for birth defects rate were ultrasound (59.14%) and prenatal diagnosis rate was 48.17% (145/301). Conclusion To reduce the birth defect, the focus of work should be prevention. The quality of prenatal examination and prenatal diagnosis should be improved to reduce the birth defect rate and improve the quality of the birth population.