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自德国哲学家雅斯贝尔斯提出人类思想突破的“轴心时代”之说以来,对于“轴心时代”的解释与概念运用日趋广泛,虽多争议,但作为奠定了包括西方两希、中国、印度、波斯在内几大文明的精神深度与基本风貌的思想背景,其重要性自不待言。在先秦中国的轴心时代突破过程中,原来具有强烈“小传统”色彩的文化符号被赋予了新的含义,笔者选取了龙、凤这两种史前和殷周时代即已出现并流行的古老观念为例,将其纳入到儒、墨、道不同学派所代表的轴心突破过程中进行考察。在前轴心时代,龙、凤更多只是古老小传统的元素,与巫覡的世界观、萨满式的飞升等信仰联系在一起。但在轴心突破过程中,无论是儒、墨还是道家,都给龙、凤赋予并注入了新的人文主义含义,提升了其承载的精神品质。它们不再是简单的巫覡道具,而是成为了与“道”、“圣”、“仁”等高度超越的精神含义紧密联系在一起的新象征,从而完成了向“大传统”的上升。
Since the German philosopher Jaspers put forward the “Axial Age” of human thought breakthrough, the explanation and concept of “Axis Age ” has become more and more widely used. Although it is much controversial, The significance of the ideological background of the spiritual depths and basic features of several civilizations, including the two Greek Cypriots, China, India and Persia, goes without saying. During the breakthrough of the Axial Age of Pre-Qin China, the original cultural symbol with a strong “minor tradition” color was given a new meaning. The two prehistoric and Yin-Zhou periods that the author chose were prevalent and prevailed As an example, put it into consideration during the process of breakthrough in axis represented by different schools of Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism. In the era of the former axis, the dragon and the phoenix are more the elements of the ancient and the smaller traditions, which are linked with the beliefs of the world such as the Sorcerer’s Temple and the soaring shamanism. However, in the course of the axis breakthrough, both Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism gave the dragon and phoenix a new humanistic meaning and enhanced their spiritual quality. They are no longer simply witches props, but new symbols that are closely linked with the spiritual transcendence such as “Tao”, “Saint”, “Ren” and so on, “Large tradition ” rise.