论文部分内容阅读
短跑项目是速度性的短距离田径项目。从事短跑项目训练的运动员,其神经灵活性高,有一定的速度爆发力,而肌肉力量是速度的基础,因此增加肌肉力量是短跑项目取得好成绩的关键。同时,短距离项目运动时间比较短,以磷酸原系统和无氧糖酵解供能为主,因此提高无氧系统供能能力,在短时间缺氧的情况下保持高效率的代谢水平,是提高运动成绩的一项措施。短跑项目运动员全年的训练应围绕着基础训练进行,提高技术和力量素质。根据短距离项目的代谢供能特点,在赛前训练中应加强无氧训练。采用合理的营养恢复手段保证短跑运动员的充沛体能及良好恢复,对于教练员整体训练计划的实施以及运动员素质的提高都具有很重要的意义这是因为:第一,合理营养有助促进运动后的体能恢复是运动员保持良好训练状态的物质基础,对运动员的体能状态、体力适应过程、运动后体力的恢复及防治运动性疾病有良好的作用。第二,合理营养可以减轻运动性疲劳的程度或延缓其发生。第三,同时,采用合理的营养手段还可解决运动训练中一些特殊的医学问题。经过多年的训练实践摸索以及对短跑项目的供能特点和训练特点、营养需求研究和学习,笔者总结出短跑项目运动员对以下营养素的需求较高:
The sprint project is a speedy short track athletics project. Athletes engaged in the training of sprint items have high nerve flexibility and explosive speed, and muscle strength is the basis of speed. Therefore, increasing muscle strength is the key to achieving good results in the sprint project. At the same time, short-term exercise time is relatively short, the original system of phosphate and anaerobic glycolysis to provide energy-based, thus enhancing the capacity of anaerobic systems to provide energy in the short period of time hypoxia to maintain high efficiency of the metabolic level is A measure to improve athletic performance. Sprint athletes year-round training should focus on basic training to improve the quality of technology and strength. According to the short-distance project of metabolic energy supply characteristics, anaerobic training should be strengthened in pre-competition training. Reasonable nutrition recovery means to ensure that sprinters have good physical fitness and good recovery, the overall training program for the coaches and the improvement of athletes quality are of great significance This is because: First, reasonable nutrition can promote post-exercise Physical rehabilitation is the material basis for the athletes to maintain a good training state, and has a good effect on the physical status of the athlete, the process of physical fitness, the recovery of physical strength after exercise, and the prevention and treatment of sports-related diseases. Second, reasonable nutrition can reduce or delay the occurrence of exercise-induced fatigue. Third, at the same time, using reasonable nutrition can solve some special medical problems in sports training. After many years of training practice to explore as well as the characteristics of the sprint project and training characteristics, nutritional needs of the study and study, the author summed up the sprint athletes higher demand for the following nutrients: