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目的探讨低浓度“三苯”(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)对作业工人的健康危害。方法对接苯工厂作业场所中“三苯”浓度进行测定,以439名三苯接触工人为苯接触组,以338名非接苯工人为对照组,对2组工人进行职业健康检查并对体检资料进行对照分析。结果接苯工厂内各检测点的“三苯”8 h时间加权平均浓度(C-TWA)及短时间接触浓度(C-STEL)的检测值均低于国家标准。苯接触组工人白细胞计数下降检出率为14.58%,非接触组为8.88%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组工人血红蛋白含量下降检出率为19.59%,非接触组为8.28%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组女工白细胞计数下降检出率为18.07%,男工为10.53%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组女工血红蛋白含量下降检出率为32.53%,男工2.63%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组男工血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)异常率为7.89%,女工0.80%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组不同工龄工人白细胞计数下降及血红蛋白含量下降存在线性剂量-反应关系。结论长期接触低浓度的“三苯”也会损害作业工人的身体健康,应加强防护措施,加大健康监护力度。
Objective To investigate the health hazards of low concentration “triphenyl ” (benzene, toluene, xylene) on workers. The method was used to determine the “triphenyl” concentration in the workplace of benzene plant. 439 triphenylbenzene-exposed workers were employed as benzene exposure group and 338 non-connected benzene workers as control group. Occupational health examination was conducted on two groups of workers and Physical examination data were analyzed. Results The measured values of C-TWA and C-STEL at each test point in the benzene factory were lower than the national standards. In benzene exposure group, the detection rate of white blood cell count was 14.58% in non-contact group and 8.88% in non-contact group, the difference was statistically significant. The detection rate of hemoglobin in benzene exposure group was 19.59% and 8.28% in non-contact group Statistical significance. The detection rate of white blood cell count in benzene exposure group was 18.07% and male workers was 10.53%, the difference was statistically significant; the detection rate of the hemoglobin content in benzene exposure group was 32.53%, male workers was 2.63%, the difference was statistically significant The abnormal rate of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in male workers exposed to benzene was 7.89% and that of female workers was 0.80%, the difference was statistically significant. There was a linear dose-response relationship between the white blood cell count and the decrease of hemoglobin in workers of different ages in benzene exposure group. Conclusion Long-term exposure to low concentrations of triphenyls can also damage the health of workers and should strengthen protective measures and increase health care efforts.