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在大田条件下,研究了氮、磷、钾肥对西北寒旱区冬油菜越冬率、产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明:磷钾肥配合施用能有效促进冬油菜生长及提高抗寒性。磷钾处理的干物质积累量比不施肥处理增高了4.4%,其越冬率达到98.36%,比不施肥处理提高了5.76%。单施氮肥的越冬率比不施肥处理降低了2.8%,表明冬油菜冬前应少施氮肥,避免苗期过旺生长;适当的磷钾配施可提高冬油菜干物质的积累,增强冬油菜的抗寒性,提高冬油菜的越冬率,从而使冬油菜群体增大;同时磷钾配施可使冬油菜的角粒数、千粒质量增加,最终产量增加。
Under field conditions, the effects of N, P and K on overwintering rate, yield and economic traits of winter rapeseed in the cold and dry regions of Northwest China were studied. The results showed that the combination of P and K could effectively promote the growth of winter rape and improve the cold resistance. The accumulation of P and K in dry matter increased by 4.4% compared with non-fertilization treatment, and the overwintering rate reached 98.36%, which was 5.76% higher than that of non-fertilization treatment. The overwintering rate of single nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 2.8% compared with no fertilization treatment, indicating that winter rape should be less nitrogen fertilizer before winter to avoid over-growth at seedling stage; Appropriate phosphorus and potassium combination can increase winter rape dry matter accumulation and enhance winter rapeseed The cold-resistance of winter rape increased the overwintering rate of winter rapeseed so that the population of winter rapeseed increased. At the same time, the combination of phosphorus and potassium could increase the number of grains and 1000-grain of winter rape, and increase the final yield.