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如果没有思维动物,那么世界上就没有任何东西、没有任何对象或事件会是真的或假的。构成本文的这些讲座是为纪念约翰·杜威(John Dewey)所做。他得出过两个结论:达到真不能是哲学的一种特殊的特权,真必然与人类兴趣有本质的联系。他蔑视那种经验研究和一般实践所难以理解的、把真看作思想与现实相符合的哲学传统。他相信这幅关于真的图画是为下面这个论题服务而设计的:哲学家具备一种得天独厚的技能,可以获得一种与科学不同并且高于科学的知识。杜威在《经验和自然》(纽约,1958年)写到: ……大量证据表明,在哲学方面人们最热衷于真,这是引起怀疑的问题。因为这通常一直是为声称是一种专门达到最高的和终极的真的机构做准备工作。事实并非如此……真是一些真的聚集;这些构成真与关于事实的最现成的探究和检验方法相一致,而这些方法,若是在一个单一的名字下聚集起来,就是科学。因此,对于真而言,哲学并没有超群的地位……。
Without thinking of animals, there is nothing in the world, and no object or event will be true or false. These lectures that make up this article are dedicated to John Dewey. He came to two conclusions: To reach really can not be a special privilege of philosophy, it is bound to be intrinsically linked to human interest. He contemptuous of the philosophical tradition of empirical study and general practice that he would truly regard as a thought and reality. He believes this picture about true pictures is designed to serve the following topics: Philosophers possess a unique skill that gives them a different and more scientific than science knowledge. Dewey wrote in Experience and Nature (New York, 1958): ... There is ample evidence that people are most keen on truth in philosophy, which is a question of suspicion. Since this has always been to prepare for what is claimed to be the highest attainable and ultimate reality. That is not the case ... really some real congregation; these constitutions really coincide with the most ingenious methods of inquiry and test of fact, and these are science, if gathered together under a single name. Therefore, philosophy does not stand out from the crowd for the truth ....