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目的 探讨穿盖弹射对人体头、肩、膝部的损伤程度,以提出适宜的生理参数,供工程部门使用。方法 用17具颅骨在摆锤式冲击台上进行动态冲击实验,在材料实验机上进行准静态压力实验,观察颅骨骨折情况。用假人进行地面弹射、火箭滑车实验,测试假人与舱盖碰撞的外力值。结果 外力峰值不超过3.5 kN或作用时间不超过30 ms时颅骨没有发生骨折。颅盖骨可承受6.9 kN以下的缓慢均匀加压,颅底骨只可承受1.5 kN。膝部承受8.0 kN冲击力时无损伤发生。结论 穿盖弹射时对人体主要的威胁是头部碰撞伤,损伤程度不仅取决于作用力的大小,而且与作用时间有关。颅盖骨承受的破坏力值比颅底骨大得多。破盖器工作时人体与舱盖碰撞的机率很小,且不易发生损伤,膝部承受较大的穿盖力也不致发生损伤。
Objective To investigate the degree of damage to the human head, shoulders and knees caused by the cap ejection, so as to propose suitable physiological parameters for the engineering department to use. Methods Seventeen skulls were subjected to dynamic impact experiments on a pendulum impact stage. Quasi-static pressure experiments were performed on a material testing machine to observe the fracture of the skull. Dummy ground ejection, rocket pulley test, test dummy and hatch collision of external force value. Results The external force peak does not exceed 3.5 kN or the role of time does not exceed 30 ms skull fractures. The calvarial bone can sustain a slow and uniform compression of 6.9 kN or less with a skull base bone that can withstand only 1.5 kN. No damage occurs when the knee is subjected to a force of 8.0 kN. Conclusion The main threat to the human body when the cap is ejected is the head collision injury. The degree of injury depends not only on the size of the force but also on the action time. The destructive value of the calvarial bone is much greater than the skull base bone. When the cap breaker is working, the collision probability between the human body and the hatch cover is very low, and the damage is unlikely to occur. The knee can withstand greater wear force without damaging the cover.