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猪产仔数是重要的经济性状，产仔数的提高将会大大地增加商品肉猪的产量，给现代养猪生产带来巨大的经济效益。ＥＳＲ基因是影响猪产仔数的主效基因，而且与猪的生长发育性状及酮体性状之间不存在负的基因多效性影响。采用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰｓ的方法，通过对５个不同品种的、特别是我国地方品种的２６２头母猪进行了基因多态性分析，研究表明ＥＳＲ基因在这些种群对产仔数均有极显著影响，ＥＳＲ位点ＢＢ基因型母猪平均比ＡＡ基因型母猪多１．４０～３．３７头总产仔数／胎，０．６３～３．５８头产活仔数／胎，这些发现对育种改良猪繁殖性能有重要意义。
Pig litter size is an important economic trait. The increase of litter size will greatly increase the output of commercial pigs, bringing huge economic benefits to modern pig production. The ESR gene is the major gene that affects pig litter size and does not have a negative pleiotropic effect on the growth and development of pigs and the body traits of pigs. The genetic polymorphism of 262 sows from 5 different breeds, especially from China’s local breeds, was analyzed by PCR-RFLPs. The results showed that ESR gene had a very significant effect on litter size in these populations, The average number of litter size per litter and the number of live births per litter ranging from 0.40 to 3.37 and the number of live births per litter ranging from 0.63 to 3.58 in AA genotype sows at ESR locus ranged from 1.40 to 3.37, Improve pig reproductive performance of great significance.