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一、国有企业目前存在的主要问题及成因 建立现代企业制度,深化国有企业改革,提高国有企业经济效益和竞争能力,是当前经济体制改革的焦点,也是我国加入WTO的迫切要求。当前,许多深层次的问题也日益表现出来,这些问题主要表现在:首先,政企不分,产权不明。虽然建立产权明晰、政企分开、管理科学的现代企业制度在学术界提出并讨论了一段时间,但政治体制的改革滞后于经济体制的改革。目前,国有企业与国家间存在两层关系:一是政府作为管理包括企业在内的全社会的身份,其权利是向企业收取税收,作为行使国家权力的职能手段;二是作为国有企业投资者的身份,向企业收取投资回报,其表现形式
I. Main Existing Problems and Causes of State-owned Enterprises Establishing a modern enterprise system, deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises and enhancing the economic efficiency and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises are the focus of the current economic reform and the urgent requirement of China's accession to the WTO. At present, many deep-seated problems are also increasingly manifested. These problems are mainly manifested in the following aspects. Firstly, there is no distinction between government and enterprises and property rights are unclear. Although the establishment of a clear property rights, the separation of government from enterprise management science in the modern enterprise system proposed and discussed in academia for a period of time, but the political system reform lags behind the economic reform. At present, there are two layers of relationship between state-owned enterprises and countries: First, the government as a management of the entire society, including enterprises, its right to collect taxes from enterprises as a means of exercising state power; second, as a state-owned enterprise investor The identity of the enterprise to receive the return on investment, its manifestation