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目的分析2011-2013年福州市乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)的流行病学特征,为制订乙肝预防控制措施和策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对2011-2013年福州市乙肝疫情资料进行流行病学分析,探讨影响乙肝流行的因素。结果 2011-2013年福州市共报告乙肝病例42 896例,年均发病率为215.69/10万。2011-2013年乙肝发病率分别为239.86/10万、208.07/10万、203.52/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=254.926,P<0.05)。每年1-3月份为乙肝发病高峰。各县(市)区均有病例报告,市区乙肝发病率普遍高于县(市),存在地区分布不均衡的特征。男女发病率分别为285.42/10万和133.53/10万,男性显著高发,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 655.635,P<0.05)。乙肝发病人群主要为家务及待业和农民,发病年龄主要集中在20~50岁。结论福州市乙肝发病率呈现下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,应在加强新生儿、适龄儿童乙肝疫苗接种工作的基础上,继续扩大疫苗免疫范围,同时加强乙肝预防和疫苗接种宣传教育。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HB) in Fuzhou City from 2011 to 2013 and provide a scientific basis for formulating hepatitis B prevention and control measures and strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological data of epidemic situation of hepatitis B in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2013 and to explore the factors influencing the prevalence of hepatitis B. Results In 2011-2013, a total of 42 896 hepatitis B cases were reported in Fuzhou, with an average annual incidence of 215.69 / 100 000. The incidence of hepatitis B in 2011-2013 was 239.86 / 100000, 208.07 / 100000 and 203.52 / 100000, respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 254.926, P <0.05). January to March each year for the peak incidence of hepatitis B. Each county (city) district has case reports, the prevalence of urban hepatitis B is generally higher than the county (city), there is uneven distribution of the region. The incidence of males and females was 285.42 / lakh and 133.53 / lakh, respectively. The incidence of males and females was significantly higher than that of males (χ2 = 1 655.635, P <0.05). Hepatitis B patients are mainly household and unemployed and farmers, the age of onset are mainly concentrated in the 20 to 50 years old. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis B in Fuzhou City is on a downward trend but still at a high level. Based on strengthening hepatitis B vaccination in newborns and school-age children, the scope of immunization should be further expanded, and publicity and education on hepatitis B prevention and vaccination should be strengthened.