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至今在美国已被批准使用的抗流感病毒有 :金刚烷胺 ,金刚乙胺 ,Zanamivir和 Oseltamivir它们正式被批准使用时间分别为 1976,1993,1999和 1999。前两种为金刚烷胺类药物。主要用于预防也可用于早期治疗 ,仅对甲型流感有效 ,对乙型流感无效。而后两者为神经氨酸酶 ( NA)抑制物 ,主要用于早期 (发病在两天内 )治疗 ,尚未被批准用于流感预防 ,对甲、乙型流感均有效。然而 ,对具有合并症的流感疗效较差 ,对全身性感染几乎无效。本文侧重对两种 NA抑制物的防治效果 ,给药剂量和途径 ,药物动力学 ,副反应 ,它们与其它药物间相互作用及导致耐药毒株出现等均做了简要介绍。但该两种药物尚未广泛加以应用 ,故许多结果仅是初步的 ,并仍有不少未知数。同时需指出的该四种药均为流感疫苗重要的助手 ,而不是用来替代流感病毒疫苗
The anti-influenza viruses that have been approved for use in the United States to date are: amantadine, rimantadine, Zanamivir and Oseltamivir which were officially approved for use in 1976, 1993, 1999 and 1999 respectively. The first two are amantadine drugs. Mainly used for prevention can also be used for early treatment, effective only on influenza A, influenza B is invalid. The latter two are neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, which are mainly used for early treatment (onset within two days) and have not been approved for influenza prevention. However, the curative effect of the complication of the flu is poor, almost ineffective for systemic infection. This article focuses on the prevention and treatment of two NA inhibitors, dosage and route of administration, pharmacokinetics, side effects, their interaction with other drugs and the emergence of drug-resistant strains were briefly introduced. However, the two drugs have not been widely used, so many of the results are only preliminary, and there are still many unknown. At the same time to be pointed out that the four drugs are important helpers for influenza vaccine, rather than to replace the influenza virus vaccine