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坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis,下称NEC)是新生儿监护室中最常见的获得性胃肠道急症。其病初的临床表现与新生儿败血症相似,而常在出现腹胀、腹部压痛、肠梗阻、血便、腹膜炎和肠穿孔时,才疑及本病。肠壁囊性积气和肝内静脉积气是诊断的X线标志。有关本病的发病原理,一些作者认为系围产期的胃肠道缺血,有利于肠道细菌的入侵。胃肠道免疫保护机制发育不全也被认为是发病原理之一,故提出喂饲母乳可以预防本病。新近的观察支持感染因素的作用。NEC曾发生群体流行,患者在地点和时间上有关联,或者有相同的致病微生物。已有用肠道不吸收的抗生素
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common acquired gastrointestinal emergency in neonatal care. The clinical manifestations of its early neonatal sepsis and clinical manifestations of similar, but often in the emergence of abdominal distension, abdominal tenderness, intestinal obstruction, bloody stools, peritonitis and intestinal perforation, the suspicion and the disease. Intestinal cystic pneumatosis and intrahepatic venous pneumatosis are diagnostic X-ray signs. The pathogenesis of this disease, some authors believe that perinatal gastrointestinal ischemia, is conducive to intestinal bacterial invasion. Gastrointestinal immune protection mechanism hypoplasia is also considered one of the pathogenesis, it is proposed to breast-feeding can prevent the disease. Recent observations support the role of infectious agents. There have been epidemics of NECs, where patients are associated with place or time or have the same pathogenic microorganisms. There are antibiotics that are not absorbed by the gut