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(接上期)
64. 春天是我最喜欢的季节。
误:Springismy most favourite season.
正:Springismy favourite season.
析:favourite 用作形容词时,表示“最喜欢的”,因本身已含有“最”这样的意思,因此它通常不与 most 连用,以免语义重复。
65. 玻璃摸起来是光滑的。
误:Glassisfeltsmooth.
误:Glass is feeling smooth.
误:Glassfeelsto be smooth.
正:Glass feels smooth.
析:feel 用作连系动词,表示“摸起来”的意思时,要注意以下用法:一是要以被摸之物作主语;二是句意虽有被动意味,但是不能用被动式;三是不用于进行时态;四是其后不接 to be。注: feel 用作连系动词,表示“感觉”时,可以用于进行时态,如: How are you feeling now?你现在感觉如何?
66. 这次考试很难,没几个学生及格。
误:The exam is very difficult, and a few students passed.
正:The exam is very difficult, and few students passed.
析:few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意味;而 a few 表示数量虽不多,但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意味。比较:The exam is very difficult, but a few students passed. 这次考试很难,但还是有几个学生及格。
67. 你会发现他这个人很难相处。
误:You will find difficult to get along with him.
正:You will find it difficult to get along with him.
析:误句主要是根据中文意思直译而出错,其实 find 作为动词,其后不可能接形容词作宾语。find 在此的正确结构是“find 形式宾语(it) 宾语补足语 真正宾语”。
68. 她说完话后一片沉默。
误:There was a deadly silence after she had finished to speak.
正:There was a deadly silence after she had finished speaking.
析:finish(完成)后接动词时,要用动名词,不能用不定式。
69. 有100多个消防队员参加救火。
误:The fire was saved by more than 100 firemen.
正:The fire was fought by more than 100 firemen.
析:汉语说“救火”,其实是指跟火作斗争的意思,即把火扑灭,而绝不是“挽救”火。注意不要受字面意思影响而直译。
70. 这是他第一次输了比赛。
误:It’s the first time that he lost a game.
正:It’s the first time that he has lost a game.
析:It is [will be] the first time 后的 that 从句通常用现在完成时。若主句为 It was the first time...,则后面的从句通常用过去完成时(有时也用一般过去时)。
71. 这件连衣裙不合我的身,你有大一点尺寸的吗?
误:This dress doesn’t suit me. Have you got a larger size?
正:This dress doesn’t fit me. Have you got a larger size?
析:fit 用作动词时,表示“适合”,通常是指大小尺寸等方面的“适合”;若表示颜色、款式等方面的“适合”,英语通常是用 suit。比较:This dress doesn’t suit me. Have you got another style?这件连衣裙不适合我穿,你还有其他的款式吗?
72. 别忘了代我向他们问好。
误:Don’t forget giving my regards to them.
正:Don’t forget to give my regards to them.
析:forget 后接动词时,可用不定式或动名词,但是意思不同:接不定式表示忘记要做的事情(不定式所表示的动作未发生),接动名词则表示忘记已经做过或已经发生过的事情(动名词表示动作已发生)。比较:I forgot to pay him. 我忘记付给他钱了(钱未付)。I forgot paying him. 我忘记曾给他付过钱了(钱已付)。
73. 过去只要我有空,我就去看电影。
误:I used to go to the cinema whenever I had free.
正:I used to go to the cinema whenever I was free.
正:I used to go to the cinema whenever I had free time.
析:注意 free(空闲的)是形容词,不是名词,不能用作动词 have 的宾语。要表示汉语的“有空”,可考虑使用 be free 或 have free time 等。
74. 他已跟她这个比他大五岁的女孩交上了朋友。
误:He has made friend with the girl who is five years older than him.
正:He has made friends with the girl who is five years older than him.
析:make friends with 是习惯用语,其意为“与……交朋友”,其中的 friends 总是用复数,不管介词 with 后接的名词是单数还是复数。
75. 那儿的所有人对我们都很友好。
误:All the people there treated us friendly.
正:All the people there treated us in a friendly way.
析:在现代英语中,friendly 只用作形容词,不用作副词。要表示“友好地”之意,英语可用 in a friendly way,或用 in a friendly manner 等表达。
76. 自那次战争以来,他一直住在国外。
误:He has been abroad from the war.
正:He has been abroad since the war.
析:from 用于时间表示“从”,通常只表示时间的起点,要表示从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,应用介词 since。
77. 与他共事很有意思。
误:It’s a great fun working with him.
正:It’s great fun working with him.
析:fun 是一个不可数名词,它不与不定冠词连用,也不用复数形式。
78. 我们大多数人都去过欧洲两次。
误:Most of us have gone to Europe twice.
正:Most of us have been to Europe twice.
析:have been to 与 have gone to 不同:前者指“去过某地”,可以与表示次数的词语连用;后者指“到某地去了”,强调现在不在说话的地方,它不与表示次数的词语连用。
79. 发生的事我谁也不告诉。
误:I won’t tell anybody what is happened.
正:I won’t tell anybody what has happened.
析:happen 表示“发生”时,是不及物动词,因此不用于被动语态,同时也不能后接宾语,如“他昨天出事了”,不能说成:He happened an accident yesterday. 可说成:He met with an accident yesterday. (待续)(编辑 陈根花)
64. 春天是我最喜欢的季节。
误:Springismy most favourite season.
正:Springismy favourite season.
析:favourite 用作形容词时,表示“最喜欢的”,因本身已含有“最”这样的意思,因此它通常不与 most 连用,以免语义重复。
65. 玻璃摸起来是光滑的。
误:Glassisfeltsmooth.
误:Glass is feeling smooth.
误:Glassfeelsto be smooth.
正:Glass feels smooth.
析:feel 用作连系动词,表示“摸起来”的意思时,要注意以下用法:一是要以被摸之物作主语;二是句意虽有被动意味,但是不能用被动式;三是不用于进行时态;四是其后不接 to be。注: feel 用作连系动词,表示“感觉”时,可以用于进行时态,如: How are you feeling now?你现在感觉如何?
66. 这次考试很难,没几个学生及格。
误:The exam is very difficult, and a few students passed.
正:The exam is very difficult, and few students passed.
析:few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意味;而 a few 表示数量虽不多,但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意味。比较:The exam is very difficult, but a few students passed. 这次考试很难,但还是有几个学生及格。
67. 你会发现他这个人很难相处。
误:You will find difficult to get along with him.
正:You will find it difficult to get along with him.
析:误句主要是根据中文意思直译而出错,其实 find 作为动词,其后不可能接形容词作宾语。find 在此的正确结构是“find 形式宾语(it) 宾语补足语 真正宾语”。
68. 她说完话后一片沉默。
误:There was a deadly silence after she had finished to speak.
正:There was a deadly silence after she had finished speaking.
析:finish(完成)后接动词时,要用动名词,不能用不定式。
69. 有100多个消防队员参加救火。
误:The fire was saved by more than 100 firemen.
正:The fire was fought by more than 100 firemen.
析:汉语说“救火”,其实是指跟火作斗争的意思,即把火扑灭,而绝不是“挽救”火。注意不要受字面意思影响而直译。
70. 这是他第一次输了比赛。
误:It’s the first time that he lost a game.
正:It’s the first time that he has lost a game.
析:It is [will be] the first time 后的 that 从句通常用现在完成时。若主句为 It was the first time...,则后面的从句通常用过去完成时(有时也用一般过去时)。
71. 这件连衣裙不合我的身,你有大一点尺寸的吗?
误:This dress doesn’t suit me. Have you got a larger size?
正:This dress doesn’t fit me. Have you got a larger size?
析:fit 用作动词时,表示“适合”,通常是指大小尺寸等方面的“适合”;若表示颜色、款式等方面的“适合”,英语通常是用 suit。比较:This dress doesn’t suit me. Have you got another style?这件连衣裙不适合我穿,你还有其他的款式吗?
72. 别忘了代我向他们问好。
误:Don’t forget giving my regards to them.
正:Don’t forget to give my regards to them.
析:forget 后接动词时,可用不定式或动名词,但是意思不同:接不定式表示忘记要做的事情(不定式所表示的动作未发生),接动名词则表示忘记已经做过或已经发生过的事情(动名词表示动作已发生)。比较:I forgot to pay him. 我忘记付给他钱了(钱未付)。I forgot paying him. 我忘记曾给他付过钱了(钱已付)。
73. 过去只要我有空,我就去看电影。
误:I used to go to the cinema whenever I had free.
正:I used to go to the cinema whenever I was free.
正:I used to go to the cinema whenever I had free time.
析:注意 free(空闲的)是形容词,不是名词,不能用作动词 have 的宾语。要表示汉语的“有空”,可考虑使用 be free 或 have free time 等。
74. 他已跟她这个比他大五岁的女孩交上了朋友。
误:He has made friend with the girl who is five years older than him.
正:He has made friends with the girl who is five years older than him.
析:make friends with 是习惯用语,其意为“与……交朋友”,其中的 friends 总是用复数,不管介词 with 后接的名词是单数还是复数。
75. 那儿的所有人对我们都很友好。
误:All the people there treated us friendly.
正:All the people there treated us in a friendly way.
析:在现代英语中,friendly 只用作形容词,不用作副词。要表示“友好地”之意,英语可用 in a friendly way,或用 in a friendly manner 等表达。
76. 自那次战争以来,他一直住在国外。
误:He has been abroad from the war.
正:He has been abroad since the war.
析:from 用于时间表示“从”,通常只表示时间的起点,要表示从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,应用介词 since。
77. 与他共事很有意思。
误:It’s a great fun working with him.
正:It’s great fun working with him.
析:fun 是一个不可数名词,它不与不定冠词连用,也不用复数形式。
78. 我们大多数人都去过欧洲两次。
误:Most of us have gone to Europe twice.
正:Most of us have been to Europe twice.
析:have been to 与 have gone to 不同:前者指“去过某地”,可以与表示次数的词语连用;后者指“到某地去了”,强调现在不在说话的地方,它不与表示次数的词语连用。
79. 发生的事我谁也不告诉。
误:I won’t tell anybody what is happened.
正:I won’t tell anybody what has happened.
析:happen 表示“发生”时,是不及物动词,因此不用于被动语态,同时也不能后接宾语,如“他昨天出事了”,不能说成:He happened an accident yesterday. 可说成:He met with an accident yesterday. (待续)(编辑 陈根花)