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吸入性肺炎是指呼吸道分泌物或口腔、鼻腔污染物吸入下呼吸道引起的肺部病变。通常健康人也吸入口腔分泌液,大多属于良性、自限性过程,并不造成不良后果。病人肺部病变的发生取决于吸入的次数、吸入物的质和量等因素;更为重要的是取决于机体的防御屏障机能,如声门关闭、咳嗽反射和其它清除机制是否完善。当手术创伤(如继发于食管癌的气管食管瘘等)、麻醉、中毒、溺水或昏迷时,咽喉部防御屏障机械性破坏,致使口腔或鼻腔内的分泌物或污染物,如口、鼻的脓性分泌物、上呼吸道手术的血性分泌物,呕吐物和各种异物等,
Aspiration pneumonia refers to respiratory secretions or oral and nasal contaminants inhaled lower respiratory tract caused lung disease. Usually healthy people also inhaled oral secretions, most of them are benign, self-limiting process, does not cause adverse consequences. The incidence of lung disease in patients depends on the number of inhalations, the quality and quantity of the inhaler, and more importantly on the body’s defensive barrier functions such as glottis closure, cough reflexes, and other mechanisms of clearance. When the surgical trauma (such as tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to esophageal cancer, etc.), anesthesia, poisoning, drowning or coma, the throat defense barrier mechanical damage, resulting in oral or nasal secretions or contaminants, such as mouth, nose Purulent discharge, bloody discharge of upper respiratory tract surgery, vomit and all kinds of foreign body, etc.,