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目的:探讨一次性根管治疗急性牙髓炎患者的疗效及对患者炎性因子水平和生命质量的影响。方法:选择杭州市萧山区第一人民医院2018年8月至2019年8月诊治的急性牙髓炎患者146例，依据随机数字表法分为观察组73例与对照组73例。对照组患者给予传统根管治疗，观察组患者给予一次性根管治疗。比较两组术前、术后3、7 d疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分，术前和术后3 d炎性因子水平变化，术后6个月比较两组疗效，采用世界卫生组织生存质量评定简表（WHOQOL-BREF）评价生命质量改善情况。结果:两组术后3、7 d时VAS评分均低于术前，并且观察组术后3、7 d VAS评分低于对照组[（3.01 ± 0.78）分比（4.32 ± 0.97）分、（4.32 ± 0.97）分比（2.18 ± 0.32）分]，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。两组术后7 d血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平较术前降低，并且观察组术后7 d血清TNF-α、CRP和IL-6水平低于对照组[（3.26 ± 0.6）μg/L比（5.78 ± 0.91）μg/L、（4.54 ± 1.29）mg/L比（7.69 ± 1.54）mg/L、（0.93 ± 0.2）μg/L比（1.68 ± 0.3）μg/L]，差异均有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。治疗后6个月评价疗效，观察组总有效率高于对照组[93.15%（68/73）比79.45%（58/73）]，差异有统计学意义（n χ2=5.794，n P<0.05）。术后6个月采用WHOQOL-BREF评价生命质量，观察组物质生活、社会功能、心理功能和咀嚼功能评分均高于对照组[（64.32 ± 4.65）分比（53.17 ± 5.72）分、（83.27 ± 6.47）分比（70.19 ± 5.21）分、（81.32 ± 5.34）分比（67.17 ± 4.41）分、（89.94 ± 4.51）分比（78.83 ± 5.45）分]，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。n 结论:一次性根管治疗急性牙髓炎患者疗效良好，可减轻患者疼痛和炎性反应，改善患者生命质量。“,”Objective:To investigate the efficacy of one-time root canal therapy on acute pulpitis and its influence on inflammatory factors and quality of life.Methods:One hundred and forty-six patients with acute pulpitis from August 2018 to August 2019 in the First People′s Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City were randomly divided into observation group (73 cases) and control group (73 cases) according to the random number table. The patients in the control group were given traditional root canal therapy, while the patients in the observation group were given one-time root canal therapy. The pain visual analogue score (VAS) and inflammatory factors were compared between two groups before operation and 3, 7 d after operation, and 6 months after operation, the efficacy was compared, and the quality of live was compared by World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionaire BREF (WHOQOL-BREF).Results:At 3 and 7 d after operation, the VAS scores of the two groups were decreased, and the VAS scores in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(3.01 ± 0.78) scores vs. (4.32 ± 0.97) scores, (4.32 ± 0.97) scores vs. (2.18 ± 0.32) scores], and the differences were statistically significant (n P<0.05). At 7 d after operaiton, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in two groups were decreased, and the levels of TNF-α, CRP and IL-6 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(3.26 ± 0.6) μg/L vs. (5.78 ± 0.91) μg/L, (4.54 ± 1.29) mg/L vs. (7.69 ± 1.54) mg/L, (0.93 ± 0.2) μg/L vs. (1.68 ± 0.3) μg/L], and the differences were statistically significant (n P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, the efficacy rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [93.15% (68/73) vs. 79.45% (58/73)], and the difference was statistically significant (n χ2 = 5.794, n P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, the scores of WHOQOL-BREF at material life, social function, mental function, masticatory function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(64.32 ± 4.65) scores vs. (53.17 ± 5.72) scores, (83.27 ± 6.47) scores vs. (70.19 ± 5.21) scores, (81.32 ± 5.34) scores vs. (67.17 ± 4.41) scores, (89.94 ± 4.51) scores vs. (78.83 ± 5.45) scores], and the differences were statistically significant (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:One-time root canal therapy is effective in the treatment of acute pulpitis, and it can reduce the pain and inflammatory reaction of patients, and improve the quality of life of patients.