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明清市井小说(包括公案小说、言情小说等等)中关于司法活动、诉讼心理、罪罚观念等等的描述,是中国封建社会晚期民间法律观念的典型反映。通过这些描述,我们可以看到,民间法律观念与儒家圣书中所包含的法律观念及官方律例所要求的法律观念都有相当的差距。明显违反律例的程序和判决常被人们津津乐道地歌颂为正当和公平的体现。本文通过对《包公案》、《彭公案》、“三言二拍”等市井小说的情节描述及人物心理描述的综合研究,粗略揭示了民间法律观念的特征。
The descriptions of judicial activities, litigation psychology, concepts of guilt, etc. in the novels of Ming and Qing (including the novels of novels, romance novels, etc.) are typical reflections of the late concept of folk law in the feudal society in China. Through these descriptions, we can see that there is a considerable gap between the concepts of folk law and the legal concepts contained in the Confucian holy book and the official laws and regulations. Procedures and judgments that clearly violate the statute are often praised by people for their justification and fairness. Through the comprehensive study of plot description and psychological description of metropolitan novels such as Bao Gong, Peng Gong, and San Yan Er Pai, this paper roughly reveals the characteristics of folk legal concepts.