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(一) 在整理农业土壤分类系统时,有必要研究一下下 列的几个问题,它对整理农业土壤分类系统有很大帮 助。 一、农民的土壤命名制 农民群众对土壤的命名,简单扼耍,一般只有三 个字,极少数是两个字或四个字,个别还有五个字 的。不论字数多少,从其命名的规律上看来,绝对多 数是由三个不同的环节组成,每个环节都用一个字来 表示,极少数用两个字来表示。 群众命名的第一个环节是“土壤颜色”,如黑、 黃、麻、白、红、青……等,均列于名称之首。 这一环节与其他国家土壤命名制完全一致,例如黑钙 土、栗钙土、灰钙土……等,颜色亦列于土壤名称之 首。“颜色”,不但能鲜明的区别土壤,并且还能表 明土壤腐殖质的多少及其肥沃度。一般说来,黑土比 麻土的腐殖质多,麻土比黃土腐殖质多,黃土比白土 多,……。此外,颜色还可区别地气凉热。黑土性 凉,麻土较热,黃土更热,白土最热。
(A) In the process of sorting agricultural soil classification system, it is necessary to study the following issues, which is very helpful to the sorting of agricultural soil classification system. First, the peasant’s soil naming system peasant masses of soil named, simple, generally only three words, a very small number is two or four words, each with five words. Regardless of the number of words, from the naming of the law, the absolute majority consists of three different links, each link is represented by a word, a very small number in two words. The first part of the naming of the masses is “soil color”, such as black, yellow, hemp, white, red, blue ... ..., are listed in the name of the first. This link is completely consistent with the soil naming system of other countries, such as the black earth, the chestnut earth, the ash earth, and so on. The colors are also listed first in the soil names. “Color” not only distinguishes the soil sharply, but also shows how much and how fertile the soil is. Generally, black soil has more humus than marsh soil, more muck soil than loess humus, more loess than white soil, ... In addition, the color is also distinguishable. Black earth cool, hot soil Ma, loess hotter, the hottest clay.