论文部分内容阅读
目的 通过监测掌握广州市市售蔬菜受农药及重金属等污染的现状,并提出相应的预防和控制措施。 方法 1996年开始采用每月分别到广州市东山、天河、白云区等7个区的批发和零售市场,随机抽取蔬菜样品,采用国家检验标准检测10项有机磷农药、铅、镉、铬、砷、亚硝酸盐。 结果 蔬菜有机磷农药总超标率为6 .20%,逐年呈下降趋势,超标有机磷农药82 .43%是剧毒、高毒、高残留农药。重金属污染总超标率为31 .18%,以铅、镉的污染最严重。农药、重金属的超标有季度性,两者的超标在时节上刚好相反。品种上以叶菜类受污染为主,近三成蔬菜品种农药曾超标,近半品种蔬菜重金属曾超标,砷全部未超标,亚硝酸盐总超标率为4 .13%。 结论 广州市蔬菜有机磷农药残留超标率近年基本在4 .0%~6 .0%,超标的农药以剧毒、高毒、高残留农药为主,说明完全控制蔬菜农残的工作任重道远,蔬菜重金属污染情况严重,必须政府重视,综合治理,才能从根本上解决这一问题
Objective To monitor and grasp the status quo of pesticide and heavy metals pollution caused by vegetables on the market in Guangzhou and to put forward corresponding preventive and control measures. Methods From 1996, the wholesale and retail markets that went to seven districts in Dongshan, Tianhe and Baiyun districts of Guangzhou every month were started. Vegetable samples were randomly selected and 10 organophosphorus pesticides, lead, cadmium, chromium and arsenic were detected by national test standards , Nitrite. Results The total over-standard rate of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables was 6.20%, showing a downward trend year by year. 82.43% of the excess organophosphorus pesticides were highly toxic, highly toxic and highly-residual pesticides. The total excessive pollution rate of heavy metals was 31.18%, with lead and cadmium pollution the most serious. Pesticides, heavy metals exceeded a quarter of the standard, the two exceeded the time just the opposite. Nearly 30% of vegetables have exceeded the standard of pesticides. Nearly half of the vegetables have exceeded the standard of heavy metals, and all of arsenic did not exceed the standard. The total nitrite exceeded the standard of 4.13%. Conclusion The over-standard of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables in Guangzhou is basically 4.0% -6.0% in recent years. The pesticides with excessive pesticides are dominated by highly toxic, highly toxic and highly residual pesticides. This shows that the work of completely controlling vegetable pesticide residues has a long way to go. The situation of heavy metal pollution is serious, and the government must attach importance to it and comprehensively control it before it can fundamentally solve this problem