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目的 :研究大鼠下颌下腺局部注射A型肉毒毒素 (BTX A)后不同时间形态学改变及对P物质 (SP)表达的影响。方法 :实验用 18只雌性Wistar大鼠 ,采用右侧下颌下腺注射BTX A模型 ,分别于用药后 6d、10d、30d处死动物 ,用组织形态学及免疫组织化学染色方法 ,观察BTX A作用不同时间下颌下腺组织形态学改变以及对SP表达的影响。左侧注射生理盐水作为对照组。结果 :大鼠注射BTX A不同时间下颌下腺中腺泡及腺管细胞形态发生改变。注射BTX A 6d后 ,腺泡细胞出现萎缩 ,以 10d组最明显 ,可见大量腺泡细胞萎缩 ,30d组萎缩的腺泡细胞量减少。各时间组萎缩的腺泡周围未见炎症细胞浸润及坏死发生。免疫组织化学结果显示 ,6d组BTX A注射侧腺泡周围SP免疫反应阳性纤维减少 ,与对照侧相比差异有统计学意义 (t =- 3.4 92 ,P <0 .0 5 )。 10d组BTX A注射侧腺泡周围SP免疫反应阳性纤维明显减少 ,与对照侧相比差异有统计学意义 (t=- 9.70 7,P <0 .0 1)。 30d组BTX A注射侧与对照侧SP免疫反应阳性纤维染色密度基本相同 (t =- 1.185 ,P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :大鼠下颌下腺注射BTX A可以导致腺泡及腺管细胞暂时性萎缩 ,SP表达暂时性减少 ,说明其可能通过这两方面共同作用而达到治疗多涎症的目的。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological changes and substance P (SP) expression at different time points after subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX A) into the submandibular gland of rats. Methods: Twenty-eight female Wistar rats were injected with BTX A right submandibular gland. Animals were sacrificed on the 6th day, the 10th day and the 30th day after the administration. The morphological and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the effect of BTX A at different time points Morphological changes of submandibular gland and their effects on SP expression. Left saline injection as a control group. RESULTS: Morphology of acinar and duct cells in submandibular gland changed at different times after BTX injection. After injection of BTX A 6d, acinar cells atrophy, the most obvious in 10d group, showing a large number of acinar cells atrophy, 30d group decreased atrophy acinar cells. No inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis occurred around acinar group in each time group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of SP immunoreactive fibers around the acinar in BTX A injection group decreased on 6d, which was significantly different from that on the control side (t = - 3.4 92, P <0.05). The number of SP immunoreactive fibers around the acinar of BTX A injection group on 10d was significantly lower than that on the control side (t = - 9.70 7, P <0.01). The staining intensity of SP immunoreactive positive fibers on BTX A injection side and control side in 30d group were basically the same (t = - 1.185, P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Injection of BTX A into rat submandibular gland can cause temporary contraction of acinar and ductal cells, and transient decrease of SP expression, indicating that they may achieve the goal of treating salivary glands by both of these two aspects.