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本文介绍了七十年代末至八十年代初西德土壤学界对土壤酸化现象的研究进展。从生态系统的理论和研究方法出发,阐明了土壤酸化与土壤化学状态,土壤缓冲性及缓冲速率的关系。在自然生态系统中,酸化的主因有二:来自系统外部的酸沉积和系统内有机质矿化和植物对离子的吸收的时空脱节。非稳定生态系统中的酸化冲击表现为季节酸化现象与气候性酸化现象,它们都是因温度增高,含氮有机质矿化导致较多硝酸积累所致。酸化进一步诱发生态系统的非稳态演化;腐殖质库消解与灰化作用。本文建议用土壤的pH(CaCl_2)来定性表征土壤酸化现象。而土壤的碱中和容量(BNC)可用来度量土壤酸化的数量特征。
This article describes the research progress of soil acidification by the German soil academics from the late seventies to the early eighties. Based on the theory and research methods of ecosystem, the relationship between soil acidification and soil chemical state, soil bufferability and buffer rate is clarified. In natural ecosystems, there are two main reasons for acidification: the acid deposition from the outside of the system and the spatiotemporal out-coupling of organic mineralization within the system and the absorption of ions by plants. The acidification impact in unstable ecosystem is seasonal acidification and climate acidification, which are caused by the accumulation of more nitric acid due to the increase of temperature and the mineralization of nitrogenous organic matter. Acidification further induces the unsteady evolution of ecosystems; the humus pool digests and ashes. This paper suggests that soil acidification should be qualitatively characterized by soil pH (CaCl 2). Soil alkali neutralization capacity (BNC) can be used to measure quantitative characteristics of soil acidification.