论文部分内容阅读
随着HIV感染和传播的增加,孕妇感染HIV的情况也随之增多,在欧洲孕妇的感染率低于1％。而在金沙萨孕妇感染率高达8％,在这里约有2/3的新生儿感染HIV。由于妊娠期孕妇HIV血清阳性率的增高,使得新生儿的死亡率也随之增高,达50/1000。儿童的感染途径主要有:妊娠期经胎盘感染;分娩时经产道感染;新生儿期经母乳感染以及通过密切接触所致的感染。妊娠期和分娩时HIV感染率报道各不相同(17％～95％),剖腹产儿的传播率为4.7％,经阴道分娩儿的传播率为17.6％。作为妊娠期抗病毒治疗的可能性,应用了Zidovudin进行治疗,传播率从25.5％下降至8.3％。从母乳中检测病原体目前尚不可能;妊娠过程本身(由于妊娠时机体免疫功能低下)就可影响HIV感染;无症状的HIV血清阳性母亲在产后28～30个月后有75％出现艾滋病症状。 由于目前对于艾滋病风险预测尚不完全清楚,因此建议对妊娠期妇女均进行HIV抗体的检测,以达到降低儿童感染的机会。
With the increase of HIV infection and transmission, the number of pregnant women infected with HIV also increases. The prevalence of pregnant women in Europe is less than 1%. In Kinshasa, the infection rate of pregnant women is as high as 8%, where about two thirds of newborns are infected with HIV. Due to the increase of HIV seroprevalence in pregnant women during pregnancy, the neonatal mortality rate also increased to 50/1000. The main routes of infection in children are: placental infection during pregnancy; birth through the birth canal infection; neonatal breast-milk infection and by close contact with the infection. HIV prevalence varies from pregnancy to childbirth (17% to 95%), with a Caesarean section rate of 4.7% and a vaginal delivery rate of 17.6%. As an antiviral therapy during pregnancy, Zidovudin was used for treatment, with a reduction in transmission rate from 25.5% to 8.3%. It is not possible to detect pathogens from breast milk at present; the pregnancy itself (due to immunocompromised pregnancies) can affect HIV infection; asymptomatic HIV seropositive mothers develop symptoms of AIDS 75% after 28-30 months of delivery. As the current risk prediction for AIDS is not yet fully understood, it is recommended that pregnant women should be tested for HIV antibody in order to reduce the chance of infection in children.