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菠菜是山东省出口创汇的主要蔬菜品种之一。目前,由于品种较多,常因品种选择不当或播种期不适,生产上常出现抽薹或死苗现象,给农民造成不应有的经济损失。笔者根据多年的试验和生产经验,将出口菠菜良种优质高产栽培技术总结如下。一、对环境条件的要求 (一)温度与日照菠菜是绿叶蔬菜中耐寒力最强的一种,种子发芽的最低温度为4℃,最适温度为15～20℃,35℃时发芽率不到20%。植株在日平均温度20～25℃时生长最快,高于25℃时生长迟缓。成株能在冬季最低气温-10℃的地区安全越冬,耐寒力强的品种具有4～6片真叶的植株可耐短期-30℃的低温。
Spinach is one of the major vegetable varieties exported in Shandong Province. At present, due to more varieties, often due to improper selection of varieties or sowing discomfort, production often appears bolting or dead seedlings, causing undue economic losses to farmers. The author based on many years of experiment and production experience, the export of spinach elite high-yielding cultivation techniques are summarized below. First, the environmental conditions (A) temperature and sunlight spinach is the strongest cold-leafy green vegetables, the minimum temperature of seed germination is 4 ℃, the optimum temperature is 15 ~ 20 ℃, 35 ℃ germination rate is not To 20%. The plants grew fastest when the average daily temperature was 20 ~ 25 ℃, but retarded when the temperature was higher than 25 ℃. Adult plants can winter safely in areas with the lowest winter temperature of -10 ℃. Cold-resistant plants with 4-6 true leaves are resistant to short-term low temperatures of -30 ℃.