新技术の成长过程—日本の工作机械产业

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Analysis of recent industrial growth processes is useful not only for understanding industrial behavior in the past but also for the development of future products.The Japanese machine tool industry had achieved remarkable global success after 1975.However,the success took a long time in coming.The first Japanese machine tool was built in 1875.The industry grew gradually,through the Japan-Russia War which began in 1904 and World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ due to the demand for war supplies, but destroyed with the end of World War Ⅱ.The production quantity increased again after 1950 and 256 thousand machines were produced in 1970.However,the ratio of imported machines to the domestic consumption was one to three,and export values were only 5% of import values in 1962.Moreover,most of the high-quality machines are imitations or licensed designs of foreign products in that period.The situation has drastically changed with newly developed numerical controlled machines.The first numerical controlled machine was developed in the U.S.in 1952 in order to machine the complex profile of aeronautical products.However,Japanese machine tool manufacturers attached numerical controllers to conventional machines around 1970 in order to automate factories which lead to global success.Japanese exports have increased since 1975 and achieved a position among the top shares of the world in 1982. Japanese companies that were successful in the implementation of numerical controlled machines have prospered,whereas traditional companies who did not implement the innovation have failed. The analysis of recent industrial growth processes is useful not only for understanding industrial behavior in the past but also for the development of future products.The Japanese machine tool industry had achieved remarkable global success after 1975.However,the success took a long time in coming. The first Japanese machine tool was built in 1875.The industry grew gradually, through the Japan-Russia War which started in 1904 and World War I and II due to the demand for war supplies, but destroyed with the end of World War II.The Production quantity increased again after 1950 and 256 thousand machines were produced in 1970.However, the ratio of imported machines to the domestic consumption was one to three, and export values ​​were only 5% of import values ​​in 1962.Moreover,most of the high -quality machines are imitations or licensed designs of foreign products in that period.The situation has drastically changed with newly developed numerical controlled machines.The first numerical controlled Machine was developed in the USin 1952 in order to machine the complex profile of aeronautical products.However,Japanese machine tool manufacturers attached numerical controllers to conventional machines around 1970 in order to automate factories which lead to global success.Japanese exports have increased since since 1975 And achieved a position among the top shares of the world in 1982. Japanese companies that were successful in the implementation of numerical controlled machines have prospered, whereas traditional companies who did not implement the innovation have failed.
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